A Qualitative Study of Stakeholders' Perspectives of Implementing Interprofessional Shared Decision-Making Education in Palliative Care

Introduction Shared decision-making (SDM) in palliative care is a highly complex process that requires an interdisciplinary team. Interprofessional team members need education on how to facilitate discussion of patient/family wishes at the end of life in hospital settings. So far, interprofessional shared decision-making (IP-SDM) education frameworks have been used to a limited extent in the area of education on palliative care. The aim of this study was to explore policymakers', health professionals', faculty members', and students' perspectives on implementing an IP-SDM educational framework in palliative care to identify aspects that should be prioritized to further develop interprofessional education for SDM in palliative care. Methods We used the qualitative method to capture the micro, meso, and macro factors using Oandasan and Reeves' model for the implementation of IP-SDM education regarding palliative care. Data collection tools included in-depth, face-to-face interviews with individual policymakers and focus group interviews with health professionals, faculty members, and undergraduate health professionals. The interview guide explores the teaching of SDM in palliative care, factors that could facilitate or hinder the implementation of IP-SDM education for health professions students in palliative care, and interventions to facilitate the implementation of this approach. This study was conducted at the Oncology and Palliative Care Department at King Abdulaziz Medical City in the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs and at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Results The results indicated a high demand for IP-SDM in palliative care. The findings revealed factors that can facilitate or hinder the implementation of IP-SDM education in palliative care for undergraduate health professions students that is going to the local community Factors include culture, religion, gender, power issues, team hierarchy, and respect among team members. Also, our findings have revealed potential solutions to the hindering factors. Conclusions IP-SDM education in palliative care is a highly relevant topic for improving patient outcomes. However, it might be a complex process to implement, especially given the challenges of palliative care settings. We recommend starting such a course in the early clinical phases of undergraduate health professional education.