TY - JOUR
T1 - Morphogenetic processes in the development and evolution of the arteries of the pharyngeal arches
T2 - their relations to congenital cardiovascular malformations
AU - Graham, Anthony
AU - Hikspoors, Jill P.J.M.
AU - Lamers, Wouter H.
AU - Anderson, Robert H.
AU - Bamforth, Simon D.
N1 - Funding Information:
The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. SDB is supported from grants from the British Heart Foundation.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 Graham, Hikspoors, Lamers, Anderson and Bamforth.
PY - 2023/10/12
Y1 - 2023/10/12
N2 - The heart and aortic arch arteries in amniotes form a double circulation, taking oxygenated blood from the heart to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs. These major vessels are formed in embryonic development from a series of paired and symmetrical arteries that undergo a complex remodelling process to form the asymmetric arch arteries in the adult. These embryonic arteries form in the pharyngeal arches, which are symmetrical bulges on the lateral surface of the head. The pharyngeal arches, and their associated arteries, are found in all classes of vertebrates, but the number varies, typically with the number of arches reducing through evolution. For example, jawed vertebrates have six pairs of pharyngeal arch arteries but amniotes, a clade of tetrapod vertebrates, have five pairs. This had led to the unusual numbering system attributed to each of the pharyngeal arch arteries in amniotes (1, 2, 3, 4, and 6). We, therefore, propose that these instead be given names to reflect the vessel: mandibular (1st), hyoid (2nd), carotid (3rd), aortic (4th) and pulmonary (most caudal). Aberrant arch artery formation or remodelling leads to life-threatening congenital cardiovascular malformations, such as interruption of the aortic arch, cervical origin of arteries, and vascular rings. We discuss why an alleged fifth arch artery has erroneously been used to interpret congenital cardiac lesions, which are better explained as abnormal collateral channels, or remodelling of the aortic sac.
AB - The heart and aortic arch arteries in amniotes form a double circulation, taking oxygenated blood from the heart to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs. These major vessels are formed in embryonic development from a series of paired and symmetrical arteries that undergo a complex remodelling process to form the asymmetric arch arteries in the adult. These embryonic arteries form in the pharyngeal arches, which are symmetrical bulges on the lateral surface of the head. The pharyngeal arches, and their associated arteries, are found in all classes of vertebrates, but the number varies, typically with the number of arches reducing through evolution. For example, jawed vertebrates have six pairs of pharyngeal arch arteries but amniotes, a clade of tetrapod vertebrates, have five pairs. This had led to the unusual numbering system attributed to each of the pharyngeal arch arteries in amniotes (1, 2, 3, 4, and 6). We, therefore, propose that these instead be given names to reflect the vessel: mandibular (1st), hyoid (2nd), carotid (3rd), aortic (4th) and pulmonary (most caudal). Aberrant arch artery formation or remodelling leads to life-threatening congenital cardiovascular malformations, such as interruption of the aortic arch, cervical origin of arteries, and vascular rings. We discuss why an alleged fifth arch artery has erroneously been used to interpret congenital cardiac lesions, which are better explained as abnormal collateral channels, or remodelling of the aortic sac.
KW - aorta
KW - aortic arch arteries
KW - arterial duct
KW - fifth arch artery
KW - pharyngeal arch arteries
U2 - 10.3389/fcell.2023.1259175
DO - 10.3389/fcell.2023.1259175
M3 - (Systematic) Review article
SN - 2296-634X
VL - 11
JO - Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
JF - Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
IS - 1
M1 - 1259175
ER -