TY - JOUR
T1 - Lipoproteins and fatty acids in chronic kidney disease
T2 - molecular and metabolic alterations
AU - Noels, Heidi
AU - Lehrke, Michael
AU - Vanholder, Raymond
AU - Jankowski, Joachim
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) SFB/TRR219 Project-ID 322900939 (S-03, C-04, M-03, M-05), SFB 1382 Project-ID 403224013 (A-04), by the CORONA foundation and by the Interreg V-A EMR program (EURLIPIDS, EMR23). This project also received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 764474 (CaReSyAn).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, Springer Nature Limited.
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - Chronic kidney disease (CKD) induces modifications in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and homeostasis. These modifications can promote, modulate and/or accelerate CKD and secondary cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities - involving triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, LDL and/or HDL - not only involve changes in concentration but also changes in molecular structure, including protein composition, incorporation of small molecules and post-translational modifications. These alterations modify the function of lipoproteins and can trigger pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic processes, as well as oxidative stress. Serum fatty acid levels are also often altered in patients with CKD and lead to changes in fatty acid metabolism - a key process in intracellular energy production - that induce mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular damage. These fatty acid changes might not only have a negative impact on the heart, but also contribute to the progression of kidney damage. The presence of these lipoprotein alterations within a biological environment characterized by increased inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as the competing risk of non-atherosclerotic cardiovascular death as kidney function declines, has important therapeutic implications. Additional research is needed to clarify the pathophysiological link between lipid and lipoprotein modifications, and kidney dysfunction, as well as the genesis and/or progression of CVD in patients with kidney disease.
AB - Chronic kidney disease (CKD) induces modifications in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and homeostasis. These modifications can promote, modulate and/or accelerate CKD and secondary cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities - involving triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, LDL and/or HDL - not only involve changes in concentration but also changes in molecular structure, including protein composition, incorporation of small molecules and post-translational modifications. These alterations modify the function of lipoproteins and can trigger pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic processes, as well as oxidative stress. Serum fatty acid levels are also often altered in patients with CKD and lead to changes in fatty acid metabolism - a key process in intracellular energy production - that induce mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular damage. These fatty acid changes might not only have a negative impact on the heart, but also contribute to the progression of kidney damage. The presence of these lipoprotein alterations within a biological environment characterized by increased inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as the competing risk of non-atherosclerotic cardiovascular death as kidney function declines, has important therapeutic implications. Additional research is needed to clarify the pathophysiological link between lipid and lipoprotein modifications, and kidney dysfunction, as well as the genesis and/or progression of CVD in patients with kidney disease.
KW - HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN
KW - CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE
KW - CHOLESTEROL EFFLUX CAPACITY
KW - APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I
KW - LOWERING LDL CHOLESTEROL
KW - TUBULAR EPITHELIAL-CELLS
KW - CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS
KW - PROTEIN CARBAMYLATION
KW - APPARENTLY HEALTHY
KW - DOWN-REGULATION
U2 - 10.1038/s41581-021-00423-5
DO - 10.1038/s41581-021-00423-5
M3 - (Systematic) Review article
C2 - 33972752
SN - 1759-5061
VL - 17
SP - 528
EP - 542
JO - Nature Reviews Nephrology
JF - Nature Reviews Nephrology
IS - 8
ER -