@article{af0773d0dcd24adb984ab2dfe5649355,
title = "An in-vitro assay using human spermatozoa to detect toxicity of biologically active substances",
abstract = "Identifying the key toxic players within an in-vivo toxic syndrome is crucial to develop targeted therapies. Here, we established a novel method that characterizes the effect of single substances by means of an ex-vivo incubation set-up. We found that primary human spermatozoa elicit a distinct motile response on a (uremic) toxic milieu. Specifically, this approach describes the influence of a bulk toxic environment (uremia) as well as single substances (uremic toxins) by real-time analyzing motile cellular behavior. We established the human spermatozoa-based toxicity testing (HSTT) for detecting single substance-induced toxicity to be used as a screening tool to identify in-vivo toxins. Further, we propose an application of the HSTT as a method of clinical use to evaluate toxin-removing interventions (hemodialysis).",
keywords = "CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE, UREMIC TOXINS, SPERM, IDENTIFICATION, MECHANISMS, QUALITY, PROTEIN",
author = "Tino Vollmer and Borje Ljungberg and Vera Jankowski and Joachim Jankowski and Griet Glorieux and Stegmayr, {Bernd G.}",
note = "Funding Information: We hereby thank the whole European Uremic Toxin Work Group (EUTox, http://www.uremic-toxins.org/) for input during local meetings. Further, BS, JJ, GG are members of EUTox, a workgroup of ESAO (European Society of Artificial Organs) and an endorsed workgroup of ERA-EDTA (European Renal Association - European Dialysis and Transplant Association). Also, we thank Gun-Marie Spett Lindgren for assisting in the preparation and analysis of sample slides and Per Jonsson for technical assistance. Raymond Vanholder (Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital), Andreas Fr{\o}lich (Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University) and the late Leif Abramsson (Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umea University) commented on the manuscript and supported the study. Silvan Vollmer assisted with statistical support to the study. Economical support has been given from the V{\"a}sterbotten County Council (ALF support) and Njurf{\"o}reningen V{\"a}sterbotten. This work was further supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) (SFB/TRR219 S-03; C-04, IHST 948/4S-1 FU6.6) to Vera Jankowski and Joachim Jankowski. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, The Author(s).",
year = "2019",
month = oct,
day = "10",
doi = "10.1038/s41598-019-50929-z",
language = "English",
volume = "9",
journal = "Scientific Reports",
issn = "2045-2322",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "1",
}