Vitreous advanced glycation endproducts and alpha-dicarbonyls in retinal detachment patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic controls

Bernardina T. Fokkens; Douwe J. Mulder; Casper G. Schalkwijk; Jean L. Scheijen; Andries J. Smit; Leonoor I. Los

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173379

Vitreous advanced glycation endproducts and alpha-dicarbonyls in retinal detachment patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic controls

Bernardina T. Fokkens^*, Douwe J. Mulder, Casper G. Schalkwijk, Jean L. Scheijen, Andries J. Smit, Leonoor I. Los

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Purpose

Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and their precursors alpha-dicarbonyls are implicated in the progression of diabetic retinopathy. The purpose of this study was to assess AGEs and a-dicarbonyls in the vitreous of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with early stages or absence of diabetic retinopathy.

Methods

We examined vitreous samples obtained during vitrectomy from 31 T2DM patients presenting themselves with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and compared these to 62 nondiabetic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients, matched on age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, smoking, intra-ocular lens implantation, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. AGEs (pentosidine, N-epsilon-(carboxymethyl) lysine, N-epsilon-(carboxyethyl) lysine, and 5-hydro-5methylimidazolone) and a-dicarbonyls (3-deoxyglucosone, methylglyoxal, and glyoxal) were measured by ultra performance liquid chromatography or high performance liquid chromatography. Skin autofluorescence was measured by the AGE Reader.

Results

Mean age was 64 +/- 7.6 years for T2DM patients and 63 +/- 8.1 years for controls. For T2DM patients, median diabetes duration was 2.2 (0.3-7.4) years. Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy was present in 1 patient and classified as absent or background retinopathy in 30 patients. Vitreous levels of pentosidine (2.20 vs. 1.59 mu mol/mol lysine, p = 0.012) and 3-deoxyglucosone (809 vs. 615 nmol/L, p = 0.001) were significantly elevated in T2DM patients compared to controls. Other AGEs and a-dicarbonyls in the vitreous were not significantly different. There was a trend for increased skin autofluorescence in T2DM patients as compared to controls (p = 0.07).

Conclusions

Pentosidine and 3-deoxyglucosone concentrations were increased in the vitreous of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients with a relatively short duration of diabetes compared to non-diabetic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients.

Original language	English
Article number	e0173379
Number of pages	11
Journal	PLOS ONE
Volume	12
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173379
Publication status	Published - 6 Mar 2017

Keywords

KIDNEY-DISEASE PATIENTS
END-PRODUCTS
SKIN AUTOFLUORESCENCE
PROLIFERATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY
MAILLARD REACTION
AQUEOUS FLARE
HUMAN PLASMA
IN-VIVO
PENTOSIDINE
RETINOPATHY

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Cite this

@article{9443d8a10f7a4362bae26e1a0e4e2b4b,

title = "Vitreous advanced glycation endproducts and alpha-dicarbonyls in retinal detachment patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic controls",

abstract = "PurposeAdvanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and their precursors alpha-dicarbonyls are implicated in the progression of diabetic retinopathy. The purpose of this study was to assess AGEs and a-dicarbonyls in the vitreous of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with early stages or absence of diabetic retinopathy.MethodsWe examined vitreous samples obtained during vitrectomy from 31 T2DM patients presenting themselves with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and compared these to 62 nondiabetic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients, matched on age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, smoking, intra-ocular lens implantation, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. AGEs (pentosidine, N-epsilon-(carboxymethyl) lysine, N-epsilon-(carboxyethyl) lysine, and 5-hydro-5methylimidazolone) and a-dicarbonyls (3-deoxyglucosone, methylglyoxal, and glyoxal) were measured by ultra performance liquid chromatography or high performance liquid chromatography. Skin autofluorescence was measured by the AGE Reader.ResultsMean age was 64 +/- 7.6 years for T2DM patients and 63 +/- 8.1 years for controls. For T2DM patients, median diabetes duration was 2.2 (0.3-7.4) years. Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy was present in 1 patient and classified as absent or background retinopathy in 30 patients. Vitreous levels of pentosidine (2.20 vs. 1.59 mu mol/mol lysine, p = 0.012) and 3-deoxyglucosone (809 vs. 615 nmol/L, p = 0.001) were significantly elevated in T2DM patients compared to controls. Other AGEs and a-dicarbonyls in the vitreous were not significantly different. There was a trend for increased skin autofluorescence in T2DM patients as compared to controls (p = 0.07).ConclusionsPentosidine and 3-deoxyglucosone concentrations were increased in the vitreous of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients with a relatively short duration of diabetes compared to non-diabetic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients.",

keywords = "KIDNEY-DISEASE PATIENTS, END-PRODUCTS, SKIN AUTOFLUORESCENCE, PROLIFERATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY, MAILLARD REACTION, AQUEOUS FLARE, HUMAN PLASMA, IN-VIVO, PENTOSIDINE, RETINOPATHY",

author = "Fokkens, {Bernardina T.} and Mulder, {Douwe J.} and Schalkwijk, {Casper G.} and Scheijen, {Jean L.} and Smit, {Andries J.} and Los, {Leonoor I.}",

year = "2017",

month = mar,

day = "6",

doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0173379",

language = "English",

volume = "12",

journal = "PLOS ONE",

issn = "1932-6203",

publisher = "Public Library of Science",

number = "3",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Vitreous advanced glycation endproducts and alpha-dicarbonyls in retinal detachment patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic controls

AU - Fokkens, Bernardina T.

AU - Mulder, Douwe J.

AU - Schalkwijk, Casper G.

AU - Scheijen, Jean L.

AU - Smit, Andries J.

AU - Los, Leonoor I.

PY - 2017/3/6

Y1 - 2017/3/6

N2 - PurposeAdvanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and their precursors alpha-dicarbonyls are implicated in the progression of diabetic retinopathy. The purpose of this study was to assess AGEs and a-dicarbonyls in the vitreous of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with early stages or absence of diabetic retinopathy.MethodsWe examined vitreous samples obtained during vitrectomy from 31 T2DM patients presenting themselves with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and compared these to 62 nondiabetic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients, matched on age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, smoking, intra-ocular lens implantation, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. AGEs (pentosidine, N-epsilon-(carboxymethyl) lysine, N-epsilon-(carboxyethyl) lysine, and 5-hydro-5methylimidazolone) and a-dicarbonyls (3-deoxyglucosone, methylglyoxal, and glyoxal) were measured by ultra performance liquid chromatography or high performance liquid chromatography. Skin autofluorescence was measured by the AGE Reader.ResultsMean age was 64 +/- 7.6 years for T2DM patients and 63 +/- 8.1 years for controls. For T2DM patients, median diabetes duration was 2.2 (0.3-7.4) years. Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy was present in 1 patient and classified as absent or background retinopathy in 30 patients. Vitreous levels of pentosidine (2.20 vs. 1.59 mu mol/mol lysine, p = 0.012) and 3-deoxyglucosone (809 vs. 615 nmol/L, p = 0.001) were significantly elevated in T2DM patients compared to controls. Other AGEs and a-dicarbonyls in the vitreous were not significantly different. There was a trend for increased skin autofluorescence in T2DM patients as compared to controls (p = 0.07).ConclusionsPentosidine and 3-deoxyglucosone concentrations were increased in the vitreous of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients with a relatively short duration of diabetes compared to non-diabetic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients.

AB - PurposeAdvanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and their precursors alpha-dicarbonyls are implicated in the progression of diabetic retinopathy. The purpose of this study was to assess AGEs and a-dicarbonyls in the vitreous of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with early stages or absence of diabetic retinopathy.MethodsWe examined vitreous samples obtained during vitrectomy from 31 T2DM patients presenting themselves with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and compared these to 62 nondiabetic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients, matched on age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, smoking, intra-ocular lens implantation, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. AGEs (pentosidine, N-epsilon-(carboxymethyl) lysine, N-epsilon-(carboxyethyl) lysine, and 5-hydro-5methylimidazolone) and a-dicarbonyls (3-deoxyglucosone, methylglyoxal, and glyoxal) were measured by ultra performance liquid chromatography or high performance liquid chromatography. Skin autofluorescence was measured by the AGE Reader.ResultsMean age was 64 +/- 7.6 years for T2DM patients and 63 +/- 8.1 years for controls. For T2DM patients, median diabetes duration was 2.2 (0.3-7.4) years. Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy was present in 1 patient and classified as absent or background retinopathy in 30 patients. Vitreous levels of pentosidine (2.20 vs. 1.59 mu mol/mol lysine, p = 0.012) and 3-deoxyglucosone (809 vs. 615 nmol/L, p = 0.001) were significantly elevated in T2DM patients compared to controls. Other AGEs and a-dicarbonyls in the vitreous were not significantly different. There was a trend for increased skin autofluorescence in T2DM patients as compared to controls (p = 0.07).ConclusionsPentosidine and 3-deoxyglucosone concentrations were increased in the vitreous of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients with a relatively short duration of diabetes compared to non-diabetic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients.

KW - KIDNEY-DISEASE PATIENTS

KW - END-PRODUCTS

KW - SKIN AUTOFLUORESCENCE

KW - PROLIFERATIVE VITREORETINOPATHY

KW - MAILLARD REACTION

KW - AQUEOUS FLARE

KW - HUMAN PLASMA

KW - IN-VIVO

KW - PENTOSIDINE

KW - RETINOPATHY

U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0173379

DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0173379

M3 - Article

C2 - 28264049

SN - 1932-6203

VL - 12

JO - PLOS ONE

JF - PLOS ONE

IS - 3

M1 - e0173379

ER -