Virtual Elastic Sphere Processing Enables Reproducible Quantification of Vessel Stenosis at CT and MR Angiography

Purpose: To develop and evaluate a user-friendly tool to enable efficient, accurate, and reproducible quantification of blood vessel stenosis in computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) angiographic data sets. Materials and Methods: All clinical experiments were approved by the institutional review board, and informed patient consent was acquired. Animal experiments were approved by the governmental review committee on animal care. A virtual elastic sphere passes through a blood vessel specified by user-provided start and end points, and the adapting diameter over the course of the vessel is recorded. The program was tested in phantoms to determine the accuracy of diameter estimation, and it was applied in micro-CT data sets of mice with induced vessel stenosis. Dual-energy CT angiography and MR angiography were performed in 16 patients with carotid artery stenosis, and reproducibility and required reader time of this automated technique were compared with manual measurements. Additionally, the effect of dual-energy CT-based discrimination between iodine-and calcium-based enhancement was investigated. Differences between carotid artery diameters of mice and between automated and manual measurement durations were assessed with a paired t test. Reproducibility of stenosis scores was evaluated with the Fisher z test. Results: Phantom diameters were determined with an average error of 0.094 mm. Diameters of normal and injured carotid arteries of mice were significantly different (P