Vascular disease-based risk factors for dementia

In the previous chapter, we briefly discussed the overlap between cardiovascular disease factors with those of dementia. This chapter reviews these morbidity risk factors in more detail and their potentially synergistic effect. The chapter focuses on epidemiological data and the magnitude of the issue, and then reviews evidence from observational studies and randomized controlled trials. The chapter reviews biologically plausible pathways and ends each section with recommendations for future directions of research. The chapter concludes that associations are moderate to substantial and that personalized interventions to reduce risk via these comorbid pathology pathways are needed.