Transfusion practice in patients receiving VV ECMO (PROTECMO): a prospective, multicentre, observational study

Gennaro Martucci; Matthieu Schmidt; Cara Agerstrand; Ali Tabatabai; Fabio Tuzzolino; Marco Giani; Raj Ramanan; Giacomo Grasselli; Peter Schellongowski; Jordi Riera; Ali Ait Hssain; Thibault Duburcq; Vojka Gorjup; Gennaro De Pascale; Sarah Buabbas; Whitney D Gannon; Kyeongman Jeon; Brian Trethowan; Vito Fanelli; Juan I Chico; Martin Balik; Lars M Broman; Antonio Pesenti; Alain Combes; Marco V Ranieri; Giuseppe Foti; Hergen Buscher; Kenichi Tanaka; Roberto Lorusso; Antonio Arcadipane; Daniel Brodie; International ECMO Network (ECMONet)

doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00353-8

Transfusion practice in patients receiving VV ECMO (PROTECMO): a prospective, multicentre, observational study

Gennaro Martucci^*, Matthieu Schmidt, Cara Agerstrand, Ali Tabatabai, Fabio Tuzzolino, Marco Giani, Raj Ramanan, Giacomo Grasselli, Peter Schellongowski, Jordi Riera, Ali Ait Hssain, Thibault Duburcq, Vojka Gorjup, Gennaro De Pascale, Sarah Buabbas, Whitney D Gannon, Kyeongman Jeon, Brian Trethowan, Vito Fanelli, Juan I ChicoMartin Balik, Lars M Broman, Antonio Pesenti, Alain Combes, Marco V Ranieri, Giuseppe Foti, Hergen Buscher, Kenichi Tanaka, Roberto Lorusso, Antonio Arcadipane, Daniel Brodie, International ECMO Network (ECMONet)

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In patients receiving venovenous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion thresholds are usually higher than in other patients who are critically ill. Available guidelines suggest a restrictive approach, but do not provide specific recommendations on the topic. The main aim of this study was, in a short timeframe, to describe the actual values of haemoglobin and the rate and the thresholds for transfusion of PRBC during VV ECMO.

METHODS: PROTECMO was a multicentre, prospective, cohort study done in 41 ECMO centres in Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia. Consecutive adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who were receiving VV ECMO were eligible for inclusion. Patients younger than 18 years, those who were not able to provide informed consent when required, and patients with an ECMO stay of less than 24 h were excluded. Our main aim was to monitor the daily haemoglobin concentration and the value at the point of PRBC transfusion, as well as the rate of transfusions. The practice in different centres was stratified by continent location and case volume per year. Adjusted estimates were calculated using marginal structural models with inverse probability weighting, accounting for baseline and time varying confounding.

FINDINGS: Between Dec 1, 2018, and Feb 22, 2021, 604 patients were enrolled (431 [71%] men, 173 [29%] women; mean age 50 years [SD 13·6]; and mean haemoglobin concentration at cannulation 10·9 g/dL [2·4]). Over 7944 ECMO days, mean haemoglobin concentration was 9·1 g/dL (1·2), with lower concentrations in North America and high-volume centres. PRBC were transfused on 2432 (31%) of days on ECMO, and 504 (83%) patients received at least one PRBC unit. Overall, mean pretransfusion haemoglobin concentration was 8·1 g/dL (1·1), but varied according to the clinical rationale for transfusion. In a time-dependent Cox model, haemoglobin concentration of less than 7 g/dL was consistently associated with higher risk of death in the intensive care unit compared with other higher haemoglobin concentrations (hazard ratio [HR] 2·99 [95% CI 1·95-4·60]); PRBC transfusion was associated with lower risk of death only when transfused when haemoglobin concentration was less than 7 g/dL (HR 0·15 [0·03-0·74]), although no significant effect in reducing mortality was reported for transfusions for other haemoglobin classes (7·0-7·9 g/dL, 8·0-9·9 g/dL, or higher than 10 g/dL).

INTERPRETATION: During VV ECMO, there was no universally accepted threshold for transfusion, but PRBC transfusion was invariably associated with lower mortality only when done with haemoglobin concentration of less than 7 g/dL.

FUNDING: Extracorporeal Life Support Organization.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	245-255
Journal	The Lancet Respiratory medicine
Volume	11
Issue number	3
Early online date	11 Oct 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00353-8
Publication status	Published - 1 Mar 2023

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10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00353-8

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Martucci, G., Schmidt, M., Agerstrand, C., Tabatabai, A., Tuzzolino, F., Giani, M., Ramanan, R., Grasselli, G., Schellongowski, P., Riera, J., Hssain, A. A., Duburcq, T., Gorjup, V., De Pascale, G., Buabbas, S., Gannon, W. D., Jeon, K., Trethowan, B., Fanelli, V., ... International ECMO Network (ECMONet) (2023). Transfusion practice in patients receiving VV ECMO (PROTECMO): a prospective, multicentre, observational study. The Lancet Respiratory medicine, 11(3), 245-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00353-8

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title = "Transfusion practice in patients receiving VV ECMO (PROTECMO): a prospective, multicentre, observational study",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: In patients receiving venovenous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion thresholds are usually higher than in other patients who are critically ill. Available guidelines suggest a restrictive approach, but do not provide specific recommendations on the topic. The main aim of this study was, in a short timeframe, to describe the actual values of haemoglobin and the rate and the thresholds for transfusion of PRBC during VV ECMO.METHODS: PROTECMO was a multicentre, prospective, cohort study done in 41 ECMO centres in Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia. Consecutive adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who were receiving VV ECMO were eligible for inclusion. Patients younger than 18 years, those who were not able to provide informed consent when required, and patients with an ECMO stay of less than 24 h were excluded. Our main aim was to monitor the daily haemoglobin concentration and the value at the point of PRBC transfusion, as well as the rate of transfusions. The practice in different centres was stratified by continent location and case volume per year. Adjusted estimates were calculated using marginal structural models with inverse probability weighting, accounting for baseline and time varying confounding.FINDINGS: Between Dec 1, 2018, and Feb 22, 2021, 604 patients were enrolled (431 [71%] men, 173 [29%] women; mean age 50 years [SD 13·6]; and mean haemoglobin concentration at cannulation 10·9 g/dL [2·4]). Over 7944 ECMO days, mean haemoglobin concentration was 9·1 g/dL (1·2), with lower concentrations in North America and high-volume centres. PRBC were transfused on 2432 (31%) of days on ECMO, and 504 (83%) patients received at least one PRBC unit. Overall, mean pretransfusion haemoglobin concentration was 8·1 g/dL (1·1), but varied according to the clinical rationale for transfusion. In a time-dependent Cox model, haemoglobin concentration of less than 7 g/dL was consistently associated with higher risk of death in the intensive care unit compared with other higher haemoglobin concentrations (hazard ratio [HR] 2·99 [95% CI 1·95-4·60]); PRBC transfusion was associated with lower risk of death only when transfused when haemoglobin concentration was less than 7 g/dL (HR 0·15 [0·03-0·74]), although no significant effect in reducing mortality was reported for transfusions for other haemoglobin classes (7·0-7·9 g/dL, 8·0-9·9 g/dL, or higher than 10 g/dL).INTERPRETATION: During VV ECMO, there was no universally accepted threshold for transfusion, but PRBC transfusion was invariably associated with lower mortality only when done with haemoglobin concentration of less than 7 g/dL.FUNDING: Extracorporeal Life Support Organization.",

author = "Gennaro Martucci and Matthieu Schmidt and Cara Agerstrand and Ali Tabatabai and Fabio Tuzzolino and Marco Giani and Raj Ramanan and Giacomo Grasselli and Peter Schellongowski and Jordi Riera and Hssain, {Ali Ait} and Thibault Duburcq and Vojka Gorjup and {De Pascale}, Gennaro and Sarah Buabbas and Gannon, {Whitney D} and Kyeongman Jeon and Brian Trethowan and Vito Fanelli and Chico, {Juan I} and Martin Balik and Broman, {Lars M} and Antonio Pesenti and Alain Combes and Ranieri, {Marco V} and Giuseppe Foti and Hergen Buscher and Kenichi Tanaka and Roberto Lorusso and Antonio Arcadipane and Daniel Brodie and {International ECMO Network (ECMONet)}",

year = "2023",

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day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00353-8",

language = "English",

volume = "11",

pages = "245--255",

journal = "The Lancet Respiratory medicine",

issn = "2213-2600",

publisher = "Elsevier Ltd",

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Martucci, G, Schmidt, M, Agerstrand, C, Tabatabai, A, Tuzzolino, F, Giani, M, Ramanan, R, Grasselli, G, Schellongowski, P, Riera, J, Hssain, AA, Duburcq, T, Gorjup, V, De Pascale, G, Buabbas, S, Gannon, WD, Jeon, K, Trethowan, B, Fanelli, V, Chico, JI, Balik, M, Broman, LM, Pesenti, A, Combes, A, Ranieri, MV, Foti, G, Buscher, H, Tanaka, K, Lorusso, R, Arcadipane, A, Brodie, D & International ECMO Network (ECMONet) 2023, 'Transfusion practice in patients receiving VV ECMO (PROTECMO): a prospective, multicentre, observational study', The Lancet Respiratory medicine, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 245-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00353-8

TY - JOUR

T1 - Transfusion practice in patients receiving VV ECMO (PROTECMO)

T2 - a prospective, multicentre, observational study

AU - Martucci, Gennaro

AU - Schmidt, Matthieu

AU - Agerstrand, Cara

AU - Tabatabai, Ali

AU - Tuzzolino, Fabio

AU - Giani, Marco

AU - Ramanan, Raj

AU - Grasselli, Giacomo

AU - Schellongowski, Peter

AU - Riera, Jordi

AU - Hssain, Ali Ait

AU - Duburcq, Thibault

AU - Gorjup, Vojka

AU - De Pascale, Gennaro

AU - Buabbas, Sarah

AU - Gannon, Whitney D

AU - Jeon, Kyeongman

AU - Trethowan, Brian

AU - Fanelli, Vito

AU - Chico, Juan I

AU - Balik, Martin

AU - Broman, Lars M

AU - Pesenti, Antonio

AU - Combes, Alain

AU - Ranieri, Marco V

AU - Foti, Giuseppe

AU - Buscher, Hergen

AU - Tanaka, Kenichi

AU - Lorusso, Roberto

AU - Arcadipane, Antonio

AU - Brodie, Daniel

AU - International ECMO Network (ECMONet)

PY - 2023/3/1

Y1 - 2023/3/1

N2 - BACKGROUND: In patients receiving venovenous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion thresholds are usually higher than in other patients who are critically ill. Available guidelines suggest a restrictive approach, but do not provide specific recommendations on the topic. The main aim of this study was, in a short timeframe, to describe the actual values of haemoglobin and the rate and the thresholds for transfusion of PRBC during VV ECMO.METHODS: PROTECMO was a multicentre, prospective, cohort study done in 41 ECMO centres in Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia. Consecutive adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who were receiving VV ECMO were eligible for inclusion. Patients younger than 18 years, those who were not able to provide informed consent when required, and patients with an ECMO stay of less than 24 h were excluded. Our main aim was to monitor the daily haemoglobin concentration and the value at the point of PRBC transfusion, as well as the rate of transfusions. The practice in different centres was stratified by continent location and case volume per year. Adjusted estimates were calculated using marginal structural models with inverse probability weighting, accounting for baseline and time varying confounding.FINDINGS: Between Dec 1, 2018, and Feb 22, 2021, 604 patients were enrolled (431 [71%] men, 173 [29%] women; mean age 50 years [SD 13·6]; and mean haemoglobin concentration at cannulation 10·9 g/dL [2·4]). Over 7944 ECMO days, mean haemoglobin concentration was 9·1 g/dL (1·2), with lower concentrations in North America and high-volume centres. PRBC were transfused on 2432 (31%) of days on ECMO, and 504 (83%) patients received at least one PRBC unit. Overall, mean pretransfusion haemoglobin concentration was 8·1 g/dL (1·1), but varied according to the clinical rationale for transfusion. In a time-dependent Cox model, haemoglobin concentration of less than 7 g/dL was consistently associated with higher risk of death in the intensive care unit compared with other higher haemoglobin concentrations (hazard ratio [HR] 2·99 [95% CI 1·95-4·60]); PRBC transfusion was associated with lower risk of death only when transfused when haemoglobin concentration was less than 7 g/dL (HR 0·15 [0·03-0·74]), although no significant effect in reducing mortality was reported for transfusions for other haemoglobin classes (7·0-7·9 g/dL, 8·0-9·9 g/dL, or higher than 10 g/dL).INTERPRETATION: During VV ECMO, there was no universally accepted threshold for transfusion, but PRBC transfusion was invariably associated with lower mortality only when done with haemoglobin concentration of less than 7 g/dL.FUNDING: Extracorporeal Life Support Organization.

AB - BACKGROUND: In patients receiving venovenous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion thresholds are usually higher than in other patients who are critically ill. Available guidelines suggest a restrictive approach, but do not provide specific recommendations on the topic. The main aim of this study was, in a short timeframe, to describe the actual values of haemoglobin and the rate and the thresholds for transfusion of PRBC during VV ECMO.METHODS: PROTECMO was a multicentre, prospective, cohort study done in 41 ECMO centres in Europe, North America, Asia, and Australia. Consecutive adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who were receiving VV ECMO were eligible for inclusion. Patients younger than 18 years, those who were not able to provide informed consent when required, and patients with an ECMO stay of less than 24 h were excluded. Our main aim was to monitor the daily haemoglobin concentration and the value at the point of PRBC transfusion, as well as the rate of transfusions. The practice in different centres was stratified by continent location and case volume per year. Adjusted estimates were calculated using marginal structural models with inverse probability weighting, accounting for baseline and time varying confounding.FINDINGS: Between Dec 1, 2018, and Feb 22, 2021, 604 patients were enrolled (431 [71%] men, 173 [29%] women; mean age 50 years [SD 13·6]; and mean haemoglobin concentration at cannulation 10·9 g/dL [2·4]). Over 7944 ECMO days, mean haemoglobin concentration was 9·1 g/dL (1·2), with lower concentrations in North America and high-volume centres. PRBC were transfused on 2432 (31%) of days on ECMO, and 504 (83%) patients received at least one PRBC unit. Overall, mean pretransfusion haemoglobin concentration was 8·1 g/dL (1·1), but varied according to the clinical rationale for transfusion. In a time-dependent Cox model, haemoglobin concentration of less than 7 g/dL was consistently associated with higher risk of death in the intensive care unit compared with other higher haemoglobin concentrations (hazard ratio [HR] 2·99 [95% CI 1·95-4·60]); PRBC transfusion was associated with lower risk of death only when transfused when haemoglobin concentration was less than 7 g/dL (HR 0·15 [0·03-0·74]), although no significant effect in reducing mortality was reported for transfusions for other haemoglobin classes (7·0-7·9 g/dL, 8·0-9·9 g/dL, or higher than 10 g/dL).INTERPRETATION: During VV ECMO, there was no universally accepted threshold for transfusion, but PRBC transfusion was invariably associated with lower mortality only when done with haemoglobin concentration of less than 7 g/dL.FUNDING: Extracorporeal Life Support Organization.

U2 - 10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00353-8

DO - 10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00353-8

M3 - Article

C2 - 36240836

SN - 2213-2600

VL - 11

SP - 245

EP - 255

JO - The Lancet Respiratory medicine

JF - The Lancet Respiratory medicine

IS - 3

ER -

Transfusion practice in patients receiving VV ECMO (PROTECMO): a prospective, multicentre, observational study

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