The participation of civil society in ETSI from the perspective of throughput legitimacy

The use of standards to complement legislation is a prevalent regulatory technique in the EU, including in the telecommunications, information technology and broadcasting sectors, where the ETSI (European Telecommunications Standard Institute) plays a key role. In light of the recent reform of ETSI's governance model in terms of its inclusiveness, this paper examines the role of societal stakeholders in ETSI's standard-setting process through the lens of throughput legitimacy. In particular, by relying on desk research and semi-structured interviews conducted in 2020 and 2023, we analyse specific membership and voting rules of ETSI in order to discuss in detail the possibilities of effective participation for the so-called 'Annex III organisations'. The paper shows that 'Annex III organisations' have had limited participative possibilities in ETSI's standard-setting process, entailing both institutional throughput and constructive throughput legitimacy issues. Although not fully, the recent reform of ETSI's decision-making appears to tackle them to a certain extent.