@article{88a017a137a149fb9f4b447ab5069c1f,
title = "The Association Between β-Blocker Use and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: The Maastricht Study",
abstract = "PURPOSE: β-Blockers (BBs) have been associated with a reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). This is possibly caused by inhibition of β2-receptors in the airways. However, there are limited data available on β-receptor selectivity and CRF. We therefore aimed to assess the association between BB use and CRF and to assess the association between β-receptor selectivity and CRF.METHODS: Participants in the Maastricht Study were aged between 40 and 75 years. Exposure to BB use was determined by use of pharmacy records. General linear models were used to obtain adjusted means of 2 proxies for CRF: covered distance during the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and estimated maximum power output adjusted for body mass ( Wmax kg-1) during the submaximal cycle ergometer test. Adjusted means were compared between current, past, and never BB users. Current users were subsequently stratified by β-receptor selectivity and dose.RESULTS: Compared to never use, current use was associated with a lower CRF, based on the 6MWT (current use: 569.7 m; never use: 580.4 m [ P = .010]), but not based on the cycling test (current use: 2.14 W kg-1; never use: 2.13 W kg-1 [ P = .690]). There was no difference between current selective and current nonselective BB use.CONCLUSION: β-Blockers use was associated with CRF based on the 6MWT but not the cycling test. There was no difference between current selective and nonselective BB users, possibly due to the small number of nonselective BB users, differential underlying diseases, other pharmacological properties, and limitations related to the proxies of the outcome.",
keywords = "beta-blockers, cardiorespiratory fitness, work load, MAXIMAL OXYGEN-UPTAKE, OLDER-ADULTS, BISOPROLOL, SELECTIVITY, DIFFERENCE, PREDICTION, NEBIVOLOL, PINDOLOL, DISTANCE",
author = "Nielen, {Johannes T H} and {de Vries}, Frank and {van der Velde}, {Jeroen H P M} and Savelberg, {Hans H C M} and Schaper, {Nicolaas C} and Dagnelie, {Pieter C} and Henry, {Ronald M A} and Miranda Schram and Stehouwer, {Coen D A} and Annelies Boonen and Annemarie Koster and {van den Bemt}, {Bart J F}",
note = "Funding Information: Authors thank all participants of the Maastricht Study, their community pharmacists, the Apothekers Vereniging Maastricht, and the Verenigde Apotheken Limburg for their cooperation. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The Maastricht Study was supported by the European Regional Development Fund via OP-Zuid, the Province of Limburg, the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs (grant 31O.041), Stichting De Weijerhorst (Maastricht, the Netherlands), the Pearl String Initiative Diabetes (Amsterdam, the Netherlands), the Cardiovascular Center (Maastricht, the Netherlands), CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (Maastricht, the Netherlands), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care (Maastricht, the Netherlands), NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (Maastricht, the Netherlands), Stichting Annadal (Maastricht, the Netherlands), Health Foundation Limburg (Maastricht, the Netherlands), and by unrestricted grants from Janssen-Cilag B.V. (Tilburg, the Netherlands), Novo Nordisk Farma B.V. (Alphen aan den Rijn, the Netherlands), and Sanofi-Aventis Netherlands B.V. (Gouda, the Netherlands). Funding Information: The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. B.B. receives research grants to his department from Pfizer and Roche and occasionally speakers honoraria from Pfizer, Roche, Abbvie, and MSD. A.B. receives research grants to her department from Amgen Abbvie, Pfizer, and Merck and occasionally speakers honoraria from Pfizer, UCB, and Sandoz. P.D. has received unrestricted grants from The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), the European Union (EU), and nutritional industry for research unrelated to this topic. Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The Maastricht Study was supported by the European Regional Development Fund via OP-Zuid, the Province of Limburg, the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs (grant 31O.041), Stichting De Wei-jerhorst (Maastricht, the Netherlands), the Pearl String Initiative Diabetes (Amsterdam, the Netherlands), the Cardiovascular Center (Maastricht, the Netherlands), CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases (Maastricht, the Netherlands), CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care (Maastricht, the Netherlands), NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (Maastricht, the Netherlands), Stichting Annadal (Maastricht, the Netherlands), Health Foundation Limburg (Maastricht, the Netherlands), and by unrestricted grants from Janssen-Cilag B.V. (Tilburg, the Netherlands), Novo Nordisk Farma B.V. (Alphen aan den Rijn, the Netherlands), and Sanofi-Aventis Netherlands B.V. (Gouda, the Netherlands). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2018.",
year = "2019",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1177/1074248418778551",
language = "English",
volume = "24",
pages = "37--45",
journal = "Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics",
issn = "1074-2484",
publisher = "SAGE Publications Ltd",
number = "1",
}