@article{c30ddb4088464859821b4abbe226124f,
title = "The anabolic response to protein ingestion during recovery from exercise has no upper limit in magnitude and duration in vivo in humans",
abstract = "The belief that the anabolic response to feeding during postexercise recovery is transient and has an upper limit and that excess amino acids are being oxidized lacks scientific proof. Using a comprehensive quadruple isotope tracer feeding-infusion approach, we show that the ingestion of 100 g protein results in a greater and more prolonged (>12 h) anabolic response when compared to the ingestion of 25 g protein. We demonstrate a dose-response increase in dietary-protein-derived plasma amino acid availability and subsequent incorporation into muscle protein. Ingestion of a large bolus of protein further increases whole-body protein net balance, mixed-muscle, myofibrillar, muscle connective, and plasma protein synthesis rates. Protein ingestion has a negligible impact on whole-body protein breakdown rates or amino acid oxidation rates. These findings demonstrate that the magnitude and duration of the anabolic response to protein ingestion is not restricted and has previously been underestimated in vivo in humans.",
keywords = "absorption, autophagy, bioavailability, de novo, digestion, intermittent fasting, meal frequency, mTOR, protein requirements, time-restricted feeding",
author = "Jorn Trommelen and {van Lieshout}, {Glenn A.A.} and Jean Nyakayiru and Holwerda, {Andrew M.} and Smeets, {Joey S.J.} and Hendriks, {Floris K.} and {van Kranenburg}, {Janneau M.X.} and Zorenc, {Antoine H.} and Senden, {Joan M.} and Goessens, {Joy P.B.} and Gijsen, {Annemie P.} and {van Loon}, {Luc J.C.}",
note = "Funding Information: We acknowledge and thank all subjects participating in the study. J.T. G.A.A.v.L. J.N. J.M.S. and A.M.H. performed animal and/or human experiments. J.S.J.S. and F.K.H. performed muscle biopsies and had the medical responsibility. J.M.S. J.M.X.v.K. J.P.B.G. A.H.Z. and A.P.G. performed the sample analyses. J.T. conceived the hypothesis and performed the calculations and statistical analyses. J.T. A.M.H. and L.J.C.v.L. designed the study. J.T. and L.J.C.v.L. wrote the first draft of manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript. G.A.A.v.L. is an employee of FrieslandCampina. The company had no role in funding, data collection and analysis, or preparation of the manuscript. See the following pages for a full overview of career funding for J.T. and L.J.C.v.L.: https://www.maastrichtuniversity.nl/j-trommelen and https://www.maastrichtuniversity.nl/ljc-van-loon. We support inclusive, diverse, and equitable conduct of research. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Author(s)",
year = "2023",
month = dec,
day = "19",
doi = "10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101324",
language = "English",
volume = "4",
journal = "Cell Reports Medicine",
issn = "2666-3791",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "12",
}