Abstract
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 206-226 |
| Number of pages | 21 |
| Journal | Antipode |
| Volume | 52 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jan 2020 |
JEL classifications
- f22 - International Migration
Keywords
- Eritrea
- Italy
- Libya
- Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
- asylum seeker
- conceptual framework
- extortion
- migrants experience
- minority group
- smuggling
- social policy
- territorial dispute
- trafficking
- MIGRATION
- MOBILITY
- MIGRANTS
- REFUGEES
Access to Document
- 10.1111/anti.12579Licence: CC BY
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In: Antipode, Vol. 52, No. 1, 01.2020, p. 206-226.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Smuggling, Trafficking, and Extortion
T2 - New Conceptual and Policy Challenges on the Libyan Route to Europe
AU - Kuschminder, K.
AU - Triandafyllidou, A.
N1 - Funding details: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, NWO Funding details: European University Institute, EUI Funding text 1: This research was funded by a Rubicon grant of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and the research was conducted at the Global Governance Programme, European University Institute. The authors express gratitude to the Comune di Milano, Fondazione L’Albero della Vita and Fondazione Progetto Arca onlus for supporting and assisting in this research. Many thanks to Milena Belloni and Simon McMahon for offering valuable comments on an earlier draft and to Yordanos Mehari for excellent research and translation assistance. This research was conducted while based at the European University Institute. 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PY - 2020/1
Y1 - 2020/1
N2 - This paper contributes a conceptual and empirical reflection on the relationship between human smuggling, trafficking and kidnapping, and extortion in Libya. It is based on qualitative interview data with Eritrean asylum seekers in Italy. Different tribal regimes control separate territories in Libya, which leads to different experiences for migrants depending on which territory they enter, such as Eritreans entering in the southeast Toubou controlled territory. We put forth that the kidnapping and extortion experienced by Eritreans in Libya is neither trafficking, nor smuggling, but a crime against humanity orchestrated by an organized criminal network.
AB - This paper contributes a conceptual and empirical reflection on the relationship between human smuggling, trafficking and kidnapping, and extortion in Libya. It is based on qualitative interview data with Eritrean asylum seekers in Italy. Different tribal regimes control separate territories in Libya, which leads to different experiences for migrants depending on which territory they enter, such as Eritreans entering in the southeast Toubou controlled territory. We put forth that the kidnapping and extortion experienced by Eritreans in Libya is neither trafficking, nor smuggling, but a crime against humanity orchestrated by an organized criminal network.
KW - Eritrea
KW - Italy
KW - Libya
KW - Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
KW - asylum seeker
KW - conceptual framework
KW - extortion
KW - migrants experience
KW - minority group
KW - smuggling
KW - social policy
KW - territorial dispute
KW - trafficking
KW - MIGRATION
KW - MOBILITY
KW - MIGRANTS
KW - REFUGEES
U2 - 10.1111/anti.12579
DO - 10.1111/anti.12579
M3 - Article
SN - 0066-4812
VL - 52
SP - 206
EP - 226
JO - Antipode
JF - Antipode
IS - 1
ER -