Research Facilities for Europe's Next Generation Gravitational-Wave Detector Einstein Telescope

S. Di Pace; V. Mangano; L. Pierini; A. Rezaei; J.S. Hennig; M. Hennig; D. Pascucci; A. Allocca; I.T.E. Melo; V.G. Nair; P. Orban; A. Sider; S. Shani-Kadmiel; J. van Heijningen

doi:10.3390/galaxies10030065

Research Facilities for Europe's Next Generation Gravitational-Wave Detector Einstein Telescope

S. Di Pace, V. Mangano, L. Pierini, A. Rezaei, J.S. Hennig, M. Hennig, D. Pascucci, A. Allocca, I.T.E. Melo, V.G. Nair, P. Orban, A. Sider, S. Shani-Kadmiel, J. van Heijningen^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

The Einstein Telescope is Europe's next generation gravitational-wave detector. To develop all necessary technology, four research facilities have emerged across Europe: The Amaldi Research Center (ARC) in Rome (Italy), ETpathfinder in Maastricht (The Netherlands), SarGrav in the Sos Enattos mines on Sardinia (Italy) and E-TEST in Liege (Belgium) and its surroundings. The ARC pursues the investigation of a large cryostat, equipped with dedicated low-vibration cooling lines, to test full-scale cryogenic payloads. The installation will be gradual and interlaced with the payload development. ETpathfinder aims to provide a low-noise facility that allows the testing of full interferometer configurations and the interplay of their subsystems in an ET-like environment. ETpathfinder will focus amongst others on cryogenic technologies, silicon mirrors, lasers and optics at 1550 and 2090 nm and advanced quantum noise reduction schemes. The SarGrav laboratory has a surface lab and an underground operation. On the surface, the Archimedes experiment investigates the interaction of vacuum fluctuations with gravity and is developing (tilt) sensor technology for the Einstein Telescope. In an underground laboratory, seismic characterisation campaigns are undertaken for the Sardinian site characterisation. Lastly, the Einstein Telecope Euregio meuse-rhine Site & Technology (E-TEST) is a single cryogenic suspension of an ET-sized silicon mirror. Additionally, E-TEST investigates the Belgian-Dutch-German border region that is the other candidate site for Einstein Telescope using boreholes and seismic arrays and hydrogeological characterisation. In this article, we describe the Einstein Telescope, the low-frequency part of its science case and the four research facilities.

Original language	English
Article number	65
Number of pages	36
Journal	Galaxies
Volume	10
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies10030065
Publication status	Published - 1 Jun 2022

Keywords

gravitational waves
einstein telescope
seismic noise
newtonian noise
thermal noise
coating noise
silicon
suspensions
cryogenics
payload
cryostat
PERFORMANCE
SILICON
VIRGO
SYSTEM

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Di Pace, S., Mangano, V., Pierini, L., Rezaei, A., Hennig, J. S., Hennig, M., Pascucci, D., Allocca, A., Melo, I. T. E., Nair, V. G., Orban, P., Sider, A., Shani-Kadmiel, S., & van Heijningen, J. (2022). Research Facilities for Europe's Next Generation Gravitational-Wave Detector Einstein Telescope. Galaxies, 10(3), Article 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies10030065

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title = "Research Facilities for Europe's Next Generation Gravitational-Wave Detector Einstein Telescope",

abstract = "The Einstein Telescope is Europe's next generation gravitational-wave detector. To develop all necessary technology, four research facilities have emerged across Europe: The Amaldi Research Center (ARC) in Rome (Italy), ETpathfinder in Maastricht (The Netherlands), SarGrav in the Sos Enattos mines on Sardinia (Italy) and E-TEST in Liege (Belgium) and its surroundings. The ARC pursues the investigation of a large cryostat, equipped with dedicated low-vibration cooling lines, to test full-scale cryogenic payloads. The installation will be gradual and interlaced with the payload development. ETpathfinder aims to provide a low-noise facility that allows the testing of full interferometer configurations and the interplay of their subsystems in an ET-like environment. ETpathfinder will focus amongst others on cryogenic technologies, silicon mirrors, lasers and optics at 1550 and 2090 nm and advanced quantum noise reduction schemes. The SarGrav laboratory has a surface lab and an underground operation. On the surface, the Archimedes experiment investigates the interaction of vacuum fluctuations with gravity and is developing (tilt) sensor technology for the Einstein Telescope. In an underground laboratory, seismic characterisation campaigns are undertaken for the Sardinian site characterisation. Lastly, the Einstein Telecope Euregio meuse-rhine Site & Technology (E-TEST) is a single cryogenic suspension of an ET-sized silicon mirror. Additionally, E-TEST investigates the Belgian-Dutch-German border region that is the other candidate site for Einstein Telescope using boreholes and seismic arrays and hydrogeological characterisation. In this article, we describe the Einstein Telescope, the low-frequency part of its science case and the four research facilities.",

keywords = "gravitational waves, einstein telescope, seismic noise, newtonian noise, thermal noise, coating noise, silicon, suspensions, cryogenics, payload, cryostat, PERFORMANCE, SILICON, VIRGO, SYSTEM",

author = "{Di Pace}, S. and V. Mangano and L. Pierini and A. Rezaei and J.S. Hennig and M. Hennig and D. Pascucci and A. Allocca and I.T.E. Melo and V.G. Nair and P. Orban and A. Sider and S. Shani-Kadmiel and {van Heijningen}, J.",

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T1 - Research Facilities for Europe's Next Generation Gravitational-Wave Detector Einstein Telescope

AU - Di Pace, S.

AU - Mangano, V.

AU - Pierini, L.

AU - Rezaei, A.

AU - Hennig, J.S.

AU - Hennig, M.

AU - Pascucci, D.

AU - Allocca, A.

AU - Melo, I.T.E.

AU - Nair, V.G.

AU - Orban, P.

AU - Sider, A.

AU - Shani-Kadmiel, S.

AU - van Heijningen, J.

PY - 2022/6/1

Y1 - 2022/6/1

N2 - The Einstein Telescope is Europe's next generation gravitational-wave detector. To develop all necessary technology, four research facilities have emerged across Europe: The Amaldi Research Center (ARC) in Rome (Italy), ETpathfinder in Maastricht (The Netherlands), SarGrav in the Sos Enattos mines on Sardinia (Italy) and E-TEST in Liege (Belgium) and its surroundings. The ARC pursues the investigation of a large cryostat, equipped with dedicated low-vibration cooling lines, to test full-scale cryogenic payloads. The installation will be gradual and interlaced with the payload development. ETpathfinder aims to provide a low-noise facility that allows the testing of full interferometer configurations and the interplay of their subsystems in an ET-like environment. ETpathfinder will focus amongst others on cryogenic technologies, silicon mirrors, lasers and optics at 1550 and 2090 nm and advanced quantum noise reduction schemes. The SarGrav laboratory has a surface lab and an underground operation. On the surface, the Archimedes experiment investigates the interaction of vacuum fluctuations with gravity and is developing (tilt) sensor technology for the Einstein Telescope. In an underground laboratory, seismic characterisation campaigns are undertaken for the Sardinian site characterisation. Lastly, the Einstein Telecope Euregio meuse-rhine Site & Technology (E-TEST) is a single cryogenic suspension of an ET-sized silicon mirror. Additionally, E-TEST investigates the Belgian-Dutch-German border region that is the other candidate site for Einstein Telescope using boreholes and seismic arrays and hydrogeological characterisation. In this article, we describe the Einstein Telescope, the low-frequency part of its science case and the four research facilities.

AB - The Einstein Telescope is Europe's next generation gravitational-wave detector. To develop all necessary technology, four research facilities have emerged across Europe: The Amaldi Research Center (ARC) in Rome (Italy), ETpathfinder in Maastricht (The Netherlands), SarGrav in the Sos Enattos mines on Sardinia (Italy) and E-TEST in Liege (Belgium) and its surroundings. The ARC pursues the investigation of a large cryostat, equipped with dedicated low-vibration cooling lines, to test full-scale cryogenic payloads. The installation will be gradual and interlaced with the payload development. ETpathfinder aims to provide a low-noise facility that allows the testing of full interferometer configurations and the interplay of their subsystems in an ET-like environment. ETpathfinder will focus amongst others on cryogenic technologies, silicon mirrors, lasers and optics at 1550 and 2090 nm and advanced quantum noise reduction schemes. The SarGrav laboratory has a surface lab and an underground operation. On the surface, the Archimedes experiment investigates the interaction of vacuum fluctuations with gravity and is developing (tilt) sensor technology for the Einstein Telescope. In an underground laboratory, seismic characterisation campaigns are undertaken for the Sardinian site characterisation. Lastly, the Einstein Telecope Euregio meuse-rhine Site & Technology (E-TEST) is a single cryogenic suspension of an ET-sized silicon mirror. Additionally, E-TEST investigates the Belgian-Dutch-German border region that is the other candidate site for Einstein Telescope using boreholes and seismic arrays and hydrogeological characterisation. In this article, we describe the Einstein Telescope, the low-frequency part of its science case and the four research facilities.

KW - gravitational waves

KW - einstein telescope

KW - seismic noise

KW - newtonian noise

KW - thermal noise

KW - coating noise

KW - silicon

KW - suspensions

KW - cryogenics

KW - payload

KW - cryostat

KW - PERFORMANCE

KW - SILICON

KW - VIRGO

KW - SYSTEM

U2 - 10.3390/galaxies10030065

DO - 10.3390/galaxies10030065

M3 - Article

SN - 2075-4434

VL - 10

JO - Galaxies

JF - Galaxies

IS - 3

M1 - 65

ER -