TY - JOUR
T1 - Potentiality switches and epistemic uncertainty
T2 - the Argument from Potential in times of human embryo-like structures
AU - Pereira Daoud, Ana M.
AU - Dondorp, Wybo J.
AU - Bredenoord, Annelien L.
AU - De Wert, Guido M.W.R.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was funded by the Dutch Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw, project number: 731020004), the Research School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), and the Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine (MERLN). The funders were not involved in any aspect of the study.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s).
PY - 2024/3
Y1 - 2024/3
N2 - Recent advancements in developmental biology enable the creation of embryo-like structures from human stem cells, which we refer to as human embryo-like structures (hELS). These structures provide promising tools to complement—and perhaps ultimately replace—the use of human embryos in clinical and fundamental research. But what if these hELS—when further improved—also have a claim to moral status? What would that imply for their research use? In this paper, we explore these questions in relation to the traditional answer as to why human embryos should be given greater protection than other (non-)human cells: the so-called Argument from Potential (AfP). According to the AfP, human embryos deserve special moral status because they have the unique potential to develop into persons. While some take the development of hELS to challenge the very foundations of the AfP, the ongoing debate suggests that its dismissal would be premature. Since the AfP is a spectrum of views with different moral implications, it does not need to imply that research with human embryos or hELS that (may) have ‘active’ potential should be completely off-limits. However, the problem with determining active potential in hELS is that this depends on development passing through ‘potentiality switches’ about the precise coordinates of which we are still in the dark. As long as this epistemic uncertainty persists, extending embryo research regulations to research with specific types of hELS would amount to a form of regulative precaution that as such would require further justification.
AB - Recent advancements in developmental biology enable the creation of embryo-like structures from human stem cells, which we refer to as human embryo-like structures (hELS). These structures provide promising tools to complement—and perhaps ultimately replace—the use of human embryos in clinical and fundamental research. But what if these hELS—when further improved—also have a claim to moral status? What would that imply for their research use? In this paper, we explore these questions in relation to the traditional answer as to why human embryos should be given greater protection than other (non-)human cells: the so-called Argument from Potential (AfP). According to the AfP, human embryos deserve special moral status because they have the unique potential to develop into persons. While some take the development of hELS to challenge the very foundations of the AfP, the ongoing debate suggests that its dismissal would be premature. Since the AfP is a spectrum of views with different moral implications, it does not need to imply that research with human embryos or hELS that (may) have ‘active’ potential should be completely off-limits. However, the problem with determining active potential in hELS is that this depends on development passing through ‘potentiality switches’ about the precise coordinates of which we are still in the dark. As long as this epistemic uncertainty persists, extending embryo research regulations to research with specific types of hELS would amount to a form of regulative precaution that as such would require further justification.
KW - Embryo research
KW - Ethics
KW - Moral Status
KW - Stem cell-based embryo-like structures
KW - The argument from potential
U2 - 10.1007/s11019-023-10181-9
DO - 10.1007/s11019-023-10181-9
M3 - Article
SN - 1386-7423
VL - 27
SP - 37
EP - 48
JO - Medicine Health Care and Philosophy
JF - Medicine Health Care and Philosophy
IS - 1
ER -