TY - JOUR
T1 - Modelling the temporal interplay between stress and affective disturbances in pathways to psychosis
T2 - an experience sampling study
AU - Klippel, Annelie
AU - Schick, Anita
AU - Myin-Germeys, Inez
AU - Rauschenberg, Christian
AU - Vaessen, Thomas
AU - Reininghaus, Ulrich
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank all researchers that substantially contributed to the conception and design of the included experience sampling studies and/or contributed to compile and check the data in this combined ESM dataset. In alphabetical order: M. Bak, D. Collip, N. Nicolson, I. Myin-Germeys, N. Geschwind, C. Henquet, N. Jacobs, M. Janssens, M. Lardinois, J. Lataster, T. Lataster, C. Menne-Lothmann, M. van Nierop, M. Oorschot, C.J.P. Simons, V. Thewissen and M. Wichers. We also thank all research personnel that provided general administrative support in preparing the ESM dataset, in particular T. Driesen. Ulrich Reininghaus was supported by a DFG Heisenberg professorship (no. 389624707). Annelie Klippel was supported by an ERC consolidator grant to Inez Myin-Germeys (ERC-2012-StG, project 309767 - INTERACT). Inez Myin-Germeys was supported by an FWO Odysseus grant (G0F8416N). Thomas Vaessen was supported by an FWO junior postdoctoral fellowship (ZKD6724).
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press.
PY - 2022/10
Y1 - 2022/10
N2 - BACKGROUND: One putative psychological mechanism through which momentary stress impacts on psychosis in individuals with increased liability to the disorder is via affective disturbance. However, to date, this has not been systematically tested. We aimed to investigate whether (i) cross-sectional and temporal effects of momentary stress on psychotic experiences via affective disturbance, and (ii) the reverse pathway of psychotic experiences on stress via affective disturbance were modified by familial liability to psychosis.METHODS: The Experience Sampling Method was used in a pooled data set of six studies with three groups of 245 individuals with psychotic disorder, 165 unaffected first-degree relatives, and 244 healthy control individuals to index familial liability. Multilevel moderated mediation models were fitted to investigate indirect effects across groups cross-sectionally and multilevel cross-lagged panel models to investigate temporal effects in the proposed pathways across two measurement occasions.RESULTS: Evidence on indirect effects from cross-sectional models indicated that, in all three groups, effects of stress on psychotic experiences were mediated by negative affect and, vice versa, effects of psychotic experiences on stress were mediated by negative affect, with all indirect effects being weakest in relatives. Longitudinal modelling of data provided no evidence of temporal priority of stress in exerting its indirect effects on psychotic experiences via affective disturbance or, vice versa.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings tentatively suggest a rapid vicious cycle of stress impacting psychotic experiences via affective disturbances, which does, however, not seem to be consistently modified by familial liability to psychosis.
AB - BACKGROUND: One putative psychological mechanism through which momentary stress impacts on psychosis in individuals with increased liability to the disorder is via affective disturbance. However, to date, this has not been systematically tested. We aimed to investigate whether (i) cross-sectional and temporal effects of momentary stress on psychotic experiences via affective disturbance, and (ii) the reverse pathway of psychotic experiences on stress via affective disturbance were modified by familial liability to psychosis.METHODS: The Experience Sampling Method was used in a pooled data set of six studies with three groups of 245 individuals with psychotic disorder, 165 unaffected first-degree relatives, and 244 healthy control individuals to index familial liability. Multilevel moderated mediation models were fitted to investigate indirect effects across groups cross-sectionally and multilevel cross-lagged panel models to investigate temporal effects in the proposed pathways across two measurement occasions.RESULTS: Evidence on indirect effects from cross-sectional models indicated that, in all three groups, effects of stress on psychotic experiences were mediated by negative affect and, vice versa, effects of psychotic experiences on stress were mediated by negative affect, with all indirect effects being weakest in relatives. Longitudinal modelling of data provided no evidence of temporal priority of stress in exerting its indirect effects on psychotic experiences via affective disturbance or, vice versa.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings tentatively suggest a rapid vicious cycle of stress impacting psychotic experiences via affective disturbances, which does, however, not seem to be consistently modified by familial liability to psychosis.
KW - CLINICAL HIGH-RISK
KW - DAILY-LIFE STRESS
KW - ECOLOGICAL MOMENTARY INTERVENTIONS
KW - Ecological Momentary Assessment
KW - GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS
KW - MODERATED MEDIATION
KW - PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESSES
KW - REACTIVITY
KW - SCHIZOPHRENIA
KW - SELF-ESTEEM
KW - ULTRA-HIGH RISK
KW - affective disturbance
KW - first-degree
KW - minor daily stress
KW - psychosis
KW - psychotic experiences
KW - relatives
U2 - 10.1017/S0033291720004894
DO - 10.1017/S0033291720004894
M3 - Article
C2 - 33678198
SN - 0033-2917
VL - 52
SP - 2776
EP - 2785
JO - Psychological Medicine
JF - Psychological Medicine
IS - 13
M1 - 0033291720004894
ER -