TY - JOUR
T1 - Methylglyoxal, a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, as a threat for blood brain barrier integrity
AU - Berends, Eline
AU - van Oostenbrugge, Robert J.
AU - Foulquier, Sébastien
AU - Schalkwijk, Casper G.
N1 - Funding Information:
This project is financially supported by the EFSD/Boehringer Ingelheim European Research Programme in Microvascular Complications of Diabetes. The cartoon in Fig. 1 has been created with BioRender.com.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2023/10/24
Y1 - 2023/10/24
N2 - The brain is a highly metabolically active organ requiring a large amount of glucose. Methylglyoxal (MGO), a by-product of glucose metabolism, is known to be involved in microvascular dysfunction and is associated with reduced cognitive function. Maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential to maintain optimal brain function and a large amount of evidence indicates negative effects of MGO on BBB integrity. In this review, we summarized the current literature on the effect of MGO on the different cell types forming the BBB. BBB damage by MGO most likely occurs in brain endothelial cells and mural cells, while astrocytes are most resistant to MGO. Microglia on the other hand appear to be not directly influenced by MGO but rather produce MGO upon activation. Although there is clear evidence that MGO affects components of the BBB, the impact of MGO on the BBB as a multicellular system warrants further investigation. Diminishing MGO stress can potentially form the basis for new treatment strategies for maintaining optimal brain function.
AB - The brain is a highly metabolically active organ requiring a large amount of glucose. Methylglyoxal (MGO), a by-product of glucose metabolism, is known to be involved in microvascular dysfunction and is associated with reduced cognitive function. Maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential to maintain optimal brain function and a large amount of evidence indicates negative effects of MGO on BBB integrity. In this review, we summarized the current literature on the effect of MGO on the different cell types forming the BBB. BBB damage by MGO most likely occurs in brain endothelial cells and mural cells, while astrocytes are most resistant to MGO. Microglia on the other hand appear to be not directly influenced by MGO but rather produce MGO upon activation. Although there is clear evidence that MGO affects components of the BBB, the impact of MGO on the BBB as a multicellular system warrants further investigation. Diminishing MGO stress can potentially form the basis for new treatment strategies for maintaining optimal brain function.
KW - Advanced glycation end-products
KW - Astrocytes
KW - Brain
KW - Endothelial cells
KW - Glycation
KW - Microglia
KW - Neurovascular unit
KW - Pericytes
KW - Vascular smooth muscle cells
U2 - 10.1186/s12987-023-00477-6
DO - 10.1186/s12987-023-00477-6
M3 - (Systematic) Review article
SN - 2045-8118
VL - 20
JO - Fluids and barriers of the CNS
JF - Fluids and barriers of the CNS
IS - 1
M1 - 75
ER -