Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Relatively high-protein diets are effective for body weight loss, and subsequent weight maintenance, yet it remains to be shown whether these diets would prevent a positive energy balance. Therefore, high-protein diet studies at a constant body weight are necessary. The objective was to determine fullness, energy expenditure, and macronutrient balances on a high-protein low-carbohydrate (HPLC) diet compared with a high-carbohydrate low-protein (HCLP) diet at a constant body weight, and to assess whether effects are transient or sustained after 12 weeks. METHODS: A randomized parallel study was performed in 14 men and 18 women [mean +/- SD age: 24 +/- 5 y; BMI (in kg/m2): 22.8 +/- 2.0] on diets containing 30/35/35 (HPLC) or 5/60/35 (HCLP) % of energy from protein/carbohydrate/fat. RESULTS: Significant interactions between dietary intervention and time on total energy expenditure (TEE) (P = 0.013), sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) (P = 0.040), and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) (P = 0.027) appeared from baseline to wk 12. TEE was maintained in the HPLC diet group, while it significantly decreased throughout the intervention period in the HCLP diet group (wk 1: P = 0.002; wk 12: P = 0.001). Energy balance was maintained in the HPLC diet group, and became positive in the HCLP diet group at wk 12 (P = 0.008). Protein balance varied directly according to the amount of protein in the diet, and diverged significantly between the diets (P = 0.001). Fullness ratings were significantly higher in the HPLC vs. the HCLP diet group at wk 1 (P = 0.034), but not at wk 12. CONCLUSIONS: Maintenance of energy expenditure on HPLC vs. HCLP diets at a constant body weight may prevent development of a positive energy balance, despite transiently higher fullness. The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov with Identifier: NCT01551238.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 968-975 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | Clinical Nutrition |
Volume | 34 |
Issue number | 5 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Oct 2015 |
Keywords
- High-protein low-carbohydrate diet
- High-carbohydrate low-protein diet
- Energy balance
- Energy expenditure
- Appetite
- RESPIRATION CHAMBER
- PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY
- INDUCED THERMOGENESIS
- AMINO-ACIDS
- AD-LIBITUM
- FAT DIETS
- OBESE MEN
- APPETITE
- SATIETY
- METABOLISM