TY - JOUR
T1 - Lower haemoglobin concentrations are associated with impaired cognition in patients with carotid artery occlusion
AU - Kuipers, Sanne
AU - Willemse, Sean W.
AU - Greving, Jacoba P.
AU - Bron, Esther E.
AU - van Oostenbrugge, Robert J.
AU - van Osch, Matthias J.P.
AU - Biessels, Geert Jan
AU - Kappelle, L. Jaap
AU - Heart-Brain Connection Consortium
N1 - Funding Information:
This work is part of the Heart-Brain Connection crossroads (HBCx) consortium of the Dutch CardioVascular Alliance (DCVA). HBCx has received funding from the Dutch Heart Foundation under grant agreements 2018–28 and CVON 2012–06.
Funding Information:
This work is part of the Heart-Brain Connection crossroads (HBCx) consortium of the Dutch CardioVascular Alliance (DCVA). HBCx has received funding from the Dutch Heart Foundation under grant agreements 2018–28 and CVON 2012–06. We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of researchers and participants of the HBCx consortium.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023
PY - 2023/1/1
Y1 - 2023/1/1
N2 - Background: Patients with carotid artery occlusion (CAO) are vulnerable to cognitive impairment (CI). Anaemia is associated with CI in the general population. We hypothesized that lower haemoglobin is associated with cognitive impairment (CI) in patients with CAO and that this association is accentuated by cerebral blood flow (CBF). Methods: 104 patients (mean age 66±8 years, 77% men) with complete CAO from the Heart-Brain Connection study were included. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin < 12 g/dL for women and < 13 g/dL for men. Cognitive test results were standardized into z-scores (using a reference group) in four cognitive domains. Patients were classified as cognitively impaired when = one domain was impaired. The association between lower haemoglobin and both cognitive domain z-scores and the presence of CI was assessed with adjusted (age, sex, education and ischaemic stroke) regression models. Total CBF (measured with phase contrast MRI) and the interaction term haemoglobin*CBF were additionally added to the analyses. Results: Anaemia was present in 6 (6%) patients and was associated with CI (RR 2.54, 95% CI 1.36; 4.76). Lower haemoglobin was associated with the presence of CI (RR per minus 1 g/dL haemoglobin 1.15, 95% CI 1.02; 1.30). This association was strongest for the attention-psychomotor speed domain (RR for impaired attention-psychomotor speed functioning per minus 1 g/dL haemoglobin 1.27, 95% CI 1.09;1.47) and ß for attention-psychomotor speed z-scores per minus 1 g/dL haemoglobin -0.19, 95% CI -0.33; -0.05). Adjustment for CBF did not affect these results and we found no interaction between haemoglobin and CBF in relation to cognition. Conclusion: Lower haemoglobin concentrations are associated with CI in patients with complete CAO, particularly in the domain attention-psychomotor speed. CBF did not accentuate this association. If validated in longitudinal studies, haemoglobin might be a viable target to prevent cognitive deterioration in patients with CAO.
AB - Background: Patients with carotid artery occlusion (CAO) are vulnerable to cognitive impairment (CI). Anaemia is associated with CI in the general population. We hypothesized that lower haemoglobin is associated with cognitive impairment (CI) in patients with CAO and that this association is accentuated by cerebral blood flow (CBF). Methods: 104 patients (mean age 66±8 years, 77% men) with complete CAO from the Heart-Brain Connection study were included. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin < 12 g/dL for women and < 13 g/dL for men. Cognitive test results were standardized into z-scores (using a reference group) in four cognitive domains. Patients were classified as cognitively impaired when = one domain was impaired. The association between lower haemoglobin and both cognitive domain z-scores and the presence of CI was assessed with adjusted (age, sex, education and ischaemic stroke) regression models. Total CBF (measured with phase contrast MRI) and the interaction term haemoglobin*CBF were additionally added to the analyses. Results: Anaemia was present in 6 (6%) patients and was associated with CI (RR 2.54, 95% CI 1.36; 4.76). Lower haemoglobin was associated with the presence of CI (RR per minus 1 g/dL haemoglobin 1.15, 95% CI 1.02; 1.30). This association was strongest for the attention-psychomotor speed domain (RR for impaired attention-psychomotor speed functioning per minus 1 g/dL haemoglobin 1.27, 95% CI 1.09;1.47) and ß for attention-psychomotor speed z-scores per minus 1 g/dL haemoglobin -0.19, 95% CI -0.33; -0.05). Adjustment for CBF did not affect these results and we found no interaction between haemoglobin and CBF in relation to cognition. Conclusion: Lower haemoglobin concentrations are associated with CI in patients with complete CAO, particularly in the domain attention-psychomotor speed. CBF did not accentuate this association. If validated in longitudinal studies, haemoglobin might be a viable target to prevent cognitive deterioration in patients with CAO.
KW - Anaemia
KW - Carotid artery occlusion
KW - Cerebral blood flow
KW - Cognition
KW - Haemoglobin
U2 - 10.1016/j.cccb.2023.100169
DO - 10.1016/j.cccb.2023.100169
M3 - Article
C2 - 37404564
VL - 5
JO - Cerebral Circulation - Cognition and Behavior
JF - Cerebral Circulation - Cognition and Behavior
IS - 1
M1 - 100169
ER -