@article{ff77e61e98d34332b7bba1ff63d4a93a,
title = "Longitudinal Associations of Adherence to the Dietary World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) and Dutch Healthy Diet (DHD) Recommendations with Plasma Kynurenines in Colorectal Cancer Survivors after Treatment",
abstract = "The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway has been linked to cancer aetiology and survivorship, and diet potentially affects metabolites of this pathway, but evidence to date is scarce. Among 247 stage I-III CRC survivors, repeated measurements were performed at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year post-treatment. Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/ American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF) and Dutch Healthy Diet (DHD) recommendations was operationalized using seven-day dietary records. Plasma kynurenines of nine metabolites were analysed. Longitudinal associations of adherence to these dietary patterns and plasma kynurenines were analysed using confounder-adjusted linear mixed-models. In general, higher adherence to the dietary WCRF/AICR and DHD recommendations was associated with lower concentrations of kynurenines with pro-oxidative, pro-inflammatory, and neurotoxic properties (3-hydroxykynurenine (HK) and quinolinic acid (QA)), and higher concentrations of kynurenines with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties (kynurenic acid (KA) and picolinic acid (Pic)), but associations were weak and not statistically significant. Statistically significant positive associations between individual recommendations and kynurenines were observed for: nuts with kynurenic-acid-to-quinolinic-acid ratio (KA/QA); alcohol with KA/QA, KA, and xanthurenic acid (XA); red meat with XA; and cheese with XA. Statistically significant inverse associations were observed for: nuts with kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (KTR) and hydroxykynurenine ratio; alcohol with KTR; red meat with 3-hydroxyanthranilic-to-3-hydroxykynurenine ratio; ultra-processed foods with XA and KA/QA; and sweetened beverages with KA/QA. Our findings suggest that CRC survivors might benefit from adhering to the dietary WCRF and DHD recommendations in the first year after treatment, as higher adherence to these dietary patterns is generally, but weakly associated with more favourable concentrations of kynurenines and their ratios. These results need to be validated in other studies.",
keywords = "Humans, United States, Diet, Healthy, Tryptophan, Cancer Survivors, Diet, Colorectal Neoplasms/therapy, Kynurenic Acid",
author = "Holthuijsen, {Dani{\"e}lle D B} and Bours, {Martijn J L} and Roekel, {Eline H van} and Breukink, {St{\'e}phanie O} and Janssen-Heijnen, {Maryska L G} and Keulen, {Eric T P} and Ueland, {Per M} and {\O}ivind Midttun and Stefanie Brezina and Biljana Gigic and Andrea Gsur and Kok, {Dieuwertje E} and Jennifer Ose and Ulrich, {Cornelia M} and Weijenberg, {Matty P} and Eussen, {Simone J P M}",
note = "Funding Information: This project was funded by the Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds (WKOF)/World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF: IIG_FULL_2020_018, recipient—S Eussen). D. Holthuijsen is supported by this grant. The EnCoRe study was also supported by several other grants from Kankeronderzoekfonds Limburg as part of Health Foundation Limburg (grant 00005739, recipient—M.P.Weijenberg), Stichting Alpe d{\textquoteright}Huzes within the research program “Leven met kanker” of the Dutch Cancer Society grants UM 2010-4867 (recipient—M.P.Weijenberg) and UM 2012-5653 (recipient—M.P. Weijenberg), and by ERA-NET on Translational Cancer Research (TRANSCAN: Dutch Cancer Society (UM 2014-6877, recipient—M.P. Weijenberg)), by Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds (WKOF)/World Cancer Research Fund International (WCRF) (grant number 2017/1619—recipient M.J.L. Bours; and grant number 2016/1620—recipient M.P. Weijenberg). E.H. van Roekel is supported by the Dutch Cancer Society (grant number 2021-1/13387). S. Brezina is funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (grant number 1578-B19—recipient A. Gsur). B. Gigic is supported by ERA-NET on Translational Cancer Research (TRANSCAN: German Ministry of Education and Research, Germany, 01KT1503), and the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (NHI/NCI) projects R01 CA189184 and U01 CA206110. C. Ulrich and J. Ose were supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI) (U01CA206110, R01CA207371, and R01189184), and received funding by the Huntsman Cancer Foundation. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 by the authors.",
year = "2022",
month = dec,
day = "3",
doi = "10.3390/nu14235151",
language = "English",
volume = "14",
journal = "Nutrients",
issn = "2072-6643",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
number = "23",
}