@article{33ce0deede444b358bbd8a3c31af8f18,
title = "Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer via Sex Steroid Hormones, Part 2: The Effect of Sex Steroid Hormones on Breast Cancer Risk",
abstract = "We undertook a systematic review and appraised the evidence for an effect of circulating sex steroid hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) on breast cancer risk in pre- and postmenopausal women. Systematic searches identified prospective studies relevant to this review. Meta-analyses estimated breast cancer risk for women with the highest compared with the lowest level of sex hormones, and the DRMETA Stata package was used to graphically represent the shape of these associations. The ROBINS- E tool assessed risk of bias, and the GRADE system appraised the strength of evidence. In premenopausal women, there was little evidence that estrogens, progesterone, or SHBG were associated with breast cancer risk, whereas androgens showed a positive association. In postmenopausal women, higher estrogens and androgens were associated with an increase in breast cancer risk, whereas higher SHBG was inversely associated with risk. The strength of the evidence quality ranged from low to high for each hormone. Dose-response relationships between sex steroid hormone concentrations and breast cancer risk were most notable for postmenopausal women. These data support the plausibility of a role for sex steroid hormones in mediating the causal relationship between physical activity and the risk of breast cancer.",
keywords = "CIRCULATING ESTROGEN METABOLITES, POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN, PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN, RECEPTOR STATUS, DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE-SULFATE, MAMMOGRAPHIC DENSITY, ENDOGENOUS ESTROGENS, PREDICTION MODELS, BINDING GLOBULIN, SUBSEQUENT RISK",
author = "A.E. Drummond and C.T.V. Swain and K.A. Brown and S.C. Dixon-Suen and L. Boing and {van Roekel}, E.H. and M.M. Moore and T.R. Gaunt and R.L. Milne and D.R. English and R.M. Martin and S.J. Lewis and B.M. Lynch",
note = "Funding Information: C.T.V. Swain reports grants from World Cancer Research Fund during the conduct of the study. K.A. Brown reports grants from World Cancer Research Fund (funded by Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds) and NIH/NCI R01CA215797 during the conduct of the study. L. Boing reports grants from Coordenac¸{\~a}o de Aper-feic¸oamento de Pessoal de N{\'i}vel Superior - Brasil (CAPES) during the conduct of the study. E.H. van Roekel reports grants from Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds (WKOF), as part of the World Cancer Research Fund International grant programme (grant no. 2016/1620), during the conduct of the study. T.R. Gaunt reports grants from World Cancer Research Fund and UK Medical Research Council during the conduct of the study. D.R. English reports grants from World Cancer Research Fund during the conduct of the study. R.L. Milne reports grants from World Cancer Research Fund during the conduct of the study. R.M. Martin reports grants from Cancer Research UK during the conduct of the study. B.M. Lynch reports grants from Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds and Victorian Cancer Agency during the conduct of the study. No disclosures were reported by the other authors. Funding Information: Funding (IIG_2018_1732) was obtained from Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds (WKOF), as part of the World Cancer Research Fund International grant programme. K.A. Brown was supported by NIH/NCI R01 CA215797. R.M. Martin was supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol. R.M. Martin was supported by a Cancer Research UK (C18281/A29019) programme grant (the Integrative Cancer Epidemiology Programme). B.M. Lynch was supported by the Victorian Cancer Agency (MCRF18005). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 American Association for Cancer Research Inc.. All rights reserved.",
year = "2022",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0438",
language = "English",
volume = "31",
pages = "28--37",
journal = "Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention",
issn = "1055-9965",
publisher = "American Association for Cancer Research Inc.",
number = "1",
}