TY - JOUR
T1 - It takes two (seconds)
T2 - decreasing encoding time for two-choice functional near-infrared spectroscopy brain-computer interface communication
AU - Vorreuther, Anna
AU - Bastian, Lisa
AU - Benitez Andonegui, Amaia
AU - Evenblij, Danielle
AU - Riecke, Lars
AU - Lührs, Michael
AU - Sorger, Bettina
PY - 2023/11/2
Y1 - 2023/11/2
N2 - SIGNIFICANCE: Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can provide severely motor-impaired patients with a motor-independent communication channel. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) constitutes a promising BCI-input modality given its high mobility, safety, user comfort, cost-efficiency, and relatively low motion sensitivity. AIM: The present study aimed at developing an efficient and convenient two-choice fNIRS communication BCI by implementing a relatively short encoding time (2 s), considerably increasing communication speed, and decreasing the cognitive load of BCI users. APPROACH: To encode binary answers to 10 biographical questions, 10 healthy adults repeatedly performed a combined motor-speech imagery task within 2 different time windows guided by auditory instructions. Each answer-encoding run consisted of 10 trials. Answers were decoded during the ongoing experiment from the time course of the individually identified most-informative fNIRS channel-by-chromophore combination. RESULTS: The answers of participants were decoded online with an accuracy of 85.8% (run-based group mean). Post-hoc analysis yielded an average single-trial accuracy of 68.1%. Analysis of the effect of number of trial repetitions showed that the best information-transfer rate could be obtained by combining four encoding trials. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that an encoding time as short as 2 s can enable immediate, efficient, and convenient fNIRS-BCI communication.
AB - SIGNIFICANCE: Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can provide severely motor-impaired patients with a motor-independent communication channel. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) constitutes a promising BCI-input modality given its high mobility, safety, user comfort, cost-efficiency, and relatively low motion sensitivity. AIM: The present study aimed at developing an efficient and convenient two-choice fNIRS communication BCI by implementing a relatively short encoding time (2 s), considerably increasing communication speed, and decreasing the cognitive load of BCI users. APPROACH: To encode binary answers to 10 biographical questions, 10 healthy adults repeatedly performed a combined motor-speech imagery task within 2 different time windows guided by auditory instructions. Each answer-encoding run consisted of 10 trials. Answers were decoded during the ongoing experiment from the time course of the individually identified most-informative fNIRS channel-by-chromophore combination. RESULTS: The answers of participants were decoded online with an accuracy of 85.8% (run-based group mean). Post-hoc analysis yielded an average single-trial accuracy of 68.1%. Analysis of the effect of number of trial repetitions showed that the best information-transfer rate could be obtained by combining four encoding trials. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that an encoding time as short as 2 s can enable immediate, efficient, and convenient fNIRS-BCI communication.
KW - brain-based communication
KW - brain–computer interface
KW - fNIRS
KW - mental imagery
KW - motor disability
KW - online data analysis
KW - “locked-in” syndrome
U2 - 10.1117/1.NPh.10.4.045005
DO - 10.1117/1.NPh.10.4.045005
M3 - Article
SN - 2329-4248
VL - 10
JO - Neurophotonics
JF - Neurophotonics
IS - 4
M1 - 045005
ER -