@article{361c9a20830a4fa0ac6255b8b5c6e214,
title = "Issues in the inhalation toxicity testing and hazard assessment for low density particulate materials such as synthetic amorphous silica (SAS)",
abstract = "Inhalation toxicity testing of particulate materials is mandated for classification. According to CLP, particulate materials should be tested as marketed and many particulate materials are marketed as non-respirable particles. However, OECD TG 413 requires exposure to particle sizes that are respirable and reach the alveoli. The requirement for exposure of rats to respirable particles is thus in contrast to CLP and requires the application of high shear forces. The exposure to artificially small particles causes a number of issues that hamper the interpretation of the results of the testing. These issues are aerosol altering in the exposure system, assessment of the adversity of the inflammatory lung responses, inclusion of recovery groups, and extrapolation of the results to humans exposed under occupational condition. In addition, effects of many particulate materials after testing according to OECD 413 are not intrinsic properties, but a general reaction of the lung to the deposited material, show very similar NOAECs for chemical diverse materials, and often are completely reversible.",
keywords = "Classification and labelling, Inhalation toxicity, Lung responses, OECD TG 413, Particulate materials",
author = "Wolfgang Dekant and Antoniou, {Evangelia E.} and Axel Bosch and Bruer, {Gustav Gerd} and Thomas Colnot and Otto Creutzenberg and Drexel, {Claus Peter} and Rodger Duffin and Nils Krueger and J{\"u}rgen Nolde and Craig Poland and Dirk Schaudien and Schuster, {Tobias B.} and Michael Stintz and Klaus Weber and Benno Wessely and Zeegers, {Maurice P.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by SASforREACH , a consortium of the producers of synthetic amorphous silica. Authors were compensated for their time spent on manuscript preparation based on their usual consulting fees. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors",
year = "2024",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.02.002",
language = "English",
volume = "399",
pages = "2--11",
journal = "Toxicology Letters",
issn = "0378-4274",
publisher = "Elsevier Ireland Ltd",
}