TY - JOUR
T1 - In Vivo Imaging Evaluation of Fluorescence Intensity at Tail Emission of Near-Infrared-I (NIR-I) Fluorophores in a Porcine Model
AU - Rodríguez-Luna, María Rita
AU - Okamoto, Nariaki
AU - Al-Taher, Mahdi
AU - Keller, Deborah S
AU - Cinelli, Lorenzo
AU - Hoskere Ashoka, Anila
AU - Klymchenko, Andrey S
AU - Marescaux, Jacques
AU - Diana, Michele
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was funded by the ARC Foundation for Cancer Research, a French foundation entirely dedicated to cancer research, in the framework of a large project known as ELIOS (Endoscopic Luminescent Imaging for Precision Oncologic Surgery), and was aimed at the development of fluorescence-guided surgery (https://www.fondation-arc.org/projets/ameliorer-diagnostic-et-traitement-chirurgical-cancers-digestifs (accessed on 24 July 2022)).
Funding Information:
Michele Diana is a member of the Advisory Board of Diagnostic Green. Michele Diana and Andrey Klymchenko are the inventors of the NICE technology (European patent application No. 18305075.6). Jacques Marescaux is the President of IRCAD France, which is partly funded by Karl Storz and Medtronic. María Rita Rodríguez-Luna was financially supported by the ‘Horizon 2020 research and innovation program’ project grant of the European Union under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 857894—CAST. The remaining authors have no conflict of interest or financial ties to disclose.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors.
PY - 2022/7/27
Y1 - 2022/7/27
N2 - Over the last decade fluorescence-guided surgery has been primarily focused on the NIR-I window. However, the NIR-I window has constraints, such as limited penetration and scattering. Consequently, exploring the performance of NIR-I dyes at longer wavelengths (i.e., the NIR-II window) is crucial to expanding its application. Two fluorophores were used in three pigs to identify the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) using two commercially available NIR-I and NIR-II cameras. The near-infrared coating of equipment (NICE) was used to identify endoluminal surgical catheters and indocyanine green (ICG) for common bile duct (CBD) characterization. The NIR-II window evaluation showed an MFI of 0.4 arbitrary units (a.u.) ± 0.106 a.u. in small bowel NICE-coated catheters and an MFI of 0.09 a.u. ± 0.039 a.u. in gastric ones. In CBD characterization, the ICG MFI was 0.12 a.u. ± 0.027 a.u., 0.18 a.u. ± 0.100 a.u., and 0.22 a.u. ± 0.041 a.u. at 5, 35, and 65 min, respectively. This in vivo imaging evaluation of NIR-I dyes confirms its application in the NIR-II domain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the MIF of NICE in the NIR-II window using a commercially available system. Further comparative trials are necessary to determine the superiority of NIR-II imaging systems.
AB - Over the last decade fluorescence-guided surgery has been primarily focused on the NIR-I window. However, the NIR-I window has constraints, such as limited penetration and scattering. Consequently, exploring the performance of NIR-I dyes at longer wavelengths (i.e., the NIR-II window) is crucial to expanding its application. Two fluorophores were used in three pigs to identify the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) using two commercially available NIR-I and NIR-II cameras. The near-infrared coating of equipment (NICE) was used to identify endoluminal surgical catheters and indocyanine green (ICG) for common bile duct (CBD) characterization. The NIR-II window evaluation showed an MFI of 0.4 arbitrary units (a.u.) ± 0.106 a.u. in small bowel NICE-coated catheters and an MFI of 0.09 a.u. ± 0.039 a.u. in gastric ones. In CBD characterization, the ICG MFI was 0.12 a.u. ± 0.027 a.u., 0.18 a.u. ± 0.100 a.u., and 0.22 a.u. ± 0.041 a.u. at 5, 35, and 65 min, respectively. This in vivo imaging evaluation of NIR-I dyes confirms its application in the NIR-II domain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the MIF of NICE in the NIR-II window using a commercially available system. Further comparative trials are necessary to determine the superiority of NIR-II imaging systems.
U2 - 10.3390/life12081123
DO - 10.3390/life12081123
M3 - Article
C2 - 35892925
SN - 2075-1729
VL - 12
JO - Life
JF - Life
IS - 8
M1 - 1123
ER -