Faecal microbial metabolites of proteolytic and saccharolytic fermentation in relation to degree of insulin resistance in adult individuals

M.A.G. Hernandez; E.E. Canfora; E.E. Blaak

doi:10.3920/BM2020.0179

Faecal microbial metabolites of proteolytic and saccharolytic fermentation in relation to degree of insulin resistance in adult individuals

M.A.G. Hernandez, E.E. Canfora, E.E. Blaak^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

The gut microbiota may affect host metabolic health through microbial metabolites. The balance between the production of microbial metabolites by saccharolytic and proteolytic fermentation may be an important determinant of metabolic health. Amongst the best-studied saccharolytic microbial metabolites are the short-chain fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate. However, human data on the role of other microbial fermentation by-products in metabolic health are greatly lacking. Therefore, we compared in a cross-sectional study the faecal microbial metabolites (caproate, lactate, valerate, succinate, and the branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) (isobutyrate, isovalerate)) between insulin sensitive (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HOMA-IR<1.85, IS) and insulin resistant (HOMA-IR>1.85, IR) individuals. Additionally, we assessed the relationships between faecal metabolites and markers of metabolic health including fasting glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, insulin resistance (HOMA-1R) and fasting substrate oxidation in 86 individuals with a wide range of body mass index. Faecal metabolite concentrations did not significantly differ between IS and IR. Furthermore, there were no associations between microbial metabolites and metabolic health markers, except for a slight positive association of isovalerate with carbohydrate oxidation (E%, std beta 0.194, P=0.011) and fat oxidation (E%, std beta -0..075, P=0.047), also after adjustment for age, sex and BMI. In summary, faecal caproate, lactate, valerate, succinate, and BCFA (isobutyrate, isovalerate) were not different between IR and IS individuals, nor was there any association between these faecal metabolites and parameters of metabolic health. Further human intervention studies are warranted to investigate the role of these microbially-derived fermentation products and their kinetics in metabolic health and insulin sensitivity.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	259-266
Number of pages	8
Journal	Beneficial Microbes
Volume	12
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2020.0179
Publication status	Published - 2021

Keywords

gut-derived metabolites
insulin sensitivity
excessive body weight
CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS
BODY-MASS INDEX
GUT MICROBIOTA
DIETARY FIBER
FIRMICUTES/BACTEROIDETES RATIO
LIVER-DISEASE
GLUCOSE
OBESITY
SIGNATURE
BACTERIAL

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@article{b72be8490c13436d9f91e372fc907501,

title = "Faecal microbial metabolites of proteolytic and saccharolytic fermentation in relation to degree of insulin resistance in adult individuals",

abstract = "The gut microbiota may affect host metabolic health through microbial metabolites. The balance between the production of microbial metabolites by saccharolytic and proteolytic fermentation may be an important determinant of metabolic health. Amongst the best-studied saccharolytic microbial metabolites are the short-chain fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate. However, human data on the role of other microbial fermentation by-products in metabolic health are greatly lacking. Therefore, we compared in a cross-sectional study the faecal microbial metabolites (caproate, lactate, valerate, succinate, and the branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) (isobutyrate, isovalerate)) between insulin sensitive (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HOMA-IR<1.85, IS) and insulin resistant (HOMA-IR>1.85, IR) individuals. Additionally, we assessed the relationships between faecal metabolites and markers of metabolic health including fasting glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, insulin resistance (HOMA-1R) and fasting substrate oxidation in 86 individuals with a wide range of body mass index. Faecal metabolite concentrations did not significantly differ between IS and IR. Furthermore, there were no associations between microbial metabolites and metabolic health markers, except for a slight positive association of isovalerate with carbohydrate oxidation (E%, std beta 0.194, P=0.011) and fat oxidation (E%, std beta -0..075, P=0.047), also after adjustment for age, sex and BMI. In summary, faecal caproate, lactate, valerate, succinate, and BCFA (isobutyrate, isovalerate) were not different between IR and IS individuals, nor was there any association between these faecal metabolites and parameters of metabolic health. Further human intervention studies are warranted to investigate the role of these microbially-derived fermentation products and their kinetics in metabolic health and insulin sensitivity.",

keywords = "gut-derived metabolites, insulin sensitivity, excessive body weight, CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS, BODY-MASS INDEX, GUT MICROBIOTA, DIETARY FIBER, FIRMICUTES/BACTEROIDETES RATIO, LIVER-DISEASE, GLUCOSE, OBESITY, SIGNATURE, BACTERIAL",

author = "M.A.G. Hernandez and E.E. Canfora and E.E. Blaak",

year = "2021",

doi = "10.3920/BM2020.0179",

language = "English",

volume = "12",

pages = "259--266",

journal = "Beneficial Microbes",

issn = "1876-2883",

publisher = "Wageningen Academic Publishers",

number = "3",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Faecal microbial metabolites of proteolytic and saccharolytic fermentation in relation to degree of insulin resistance in adult individuals

AU - Hernandez, M.A.G.

AU - Canfora, E.E.

AU - Blaak, E.E.

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - The gut microbiota may affect host metabolic health through microbial metabolites. The balance between the production of microbial metabolites by saccharolytic and proteolytic fermentation may be an important determinant of metabolic health. Amongst the best-studied saccharolytic microbial metabolites are the short-chain fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate. However, human data on the role of other microbial fermentation by-products in metabolic health are greatly lacking. Therefore, we compared in a cross-sectional study the faecal microbial metabolites (caproate, lactate, valerate, succinate, and the branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) (isobutyrate, isovalerate)) between insulin sensitive (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HOMA-IR<1.85, IS) and insulin resistant (HOMA-IR>1.85, IR) individuals. Additionally, we assessed the relationships between faecal metabolites and markers of metabolic health including fasting glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, insulin resistance (HOMA-1R) and fasting substrate oxidation in 86 individuals with a wide range of body mass index. Faecal metabolite concentrations did not significantly differ between IS and IR. Furthermore, there were no associations between microbial metabolites and metabolic health markers, except for a slight positive association of isovalerate with carbohydrate oxidation (E%, std beta 0.194, P=0.011) and fat oxidation (E%, std beta -0..075, P=0.047), also after adjustment for age, sex and BMI. In summary, faecal caproate, lactate, valerate, succinate, and BCFA (isobutyrate, isovalerate) were not different between IR and IS individuals, nor was there any association between these faecal metabolites and parameters of metabolic health. Further human intervention studies are warranted to investigate the role of these microbially-derived fermentation products and their kinetics in metabolic health and insulin sensitivity.

AB - The gut microbiota may affect host metabolic health through microbial metabolites. The balance between the production of microbial metabolites by saccharolytic and proteolytic fermentation may be an important determinant of metabolic health. Amongst the best-studied saccharolytic microbial metabolites are the short-chain fatty acids acetate, propionate and butyrate. However, human data on the role of other microbial fermentation by-products in metabolic health are greatly lacking. Therefore, we compared in a cross-sectional study the faecal microbial metabolites (caproate, lactate, valerate, succinate, and the branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) (isobutyrate, isovalerate)) between insulin sensitive (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HOMA-IR<1.85, IS) and insulin resistant (HOMA-IR>1.85, IR) individuals. Additionally, we assessed the relationships between faecal metabolites and markers of metabolic health including fasting glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, insulin resistance (HOMA-1R) and fasting substrate oxidation in 86 individuals with a wide range of body mass index. Faecal metabolite concentrations did not significantly differ between IS and IR. Furthermore, there were no associations between microbial metabolites and metabolic health markers, except for a slight positive association of isovalerate with carbohydrate oxidation (E%, std beta 0.194, P=0.011) and fat oxidation (E%, std beta -0..075, P=0.047), also after adjustment for age, sex and BMI. In summary, faecal caproate, lactate, valerate, succinate, and BCFA (isobutyrate, isovalerate) were not different between IR and IS individuals, nor was there any association between these faecal metabolites and parameters of metabolic health. Further human intervention studies are warranted to investigate the role of these microbially-derived fermentation products and their kinetics in metabolic health and insulin sensitivity.

KW - gut-derived metabolites

KW - insulin sensitivity

KW - excessive body weight

KW - CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS

KW - BODY-MASS INDEX

KW - GUT MICROBIOTA

KW - DIETARY FIBER

KW - FIRMICUTES/BACTEROIDETES RATIO

KW - LIVER-DISEASE

KW - GLUCOSE

KW - OBESITY

KW - SIGNATURE

KW - BACTERIAL

U2 - 10.3920/BM2020.0179

DO - 10.3920/BM2020.0179

M3 - Article

C2 - 33880973

SN - 1876-2883

VL - 12

SP - 259

EP - 266

JO - Beneficial Microbes

JF - Beneficial Microbes

IS - 3

ER -