Effects of intensified training and subsequent reduced training on glucose metabolism rate and peripheral insulin sensitivity in Standardbreds

Objective-To determine the influence of intensified training and subsequent reduced training on glucose metabolism rate and peripheral insulin sensitivity in horses and identify potential markers indicative of early overtraining. Animals-12 Standardbred geldings. Procedures-Horses underwent 4 phases of treadmill-based training. In phase 1, horses were habituated to the treadmill. In phase 2, endurance training was alternated with high-intensity exercise training. In phase 3, horses were divided into control and intensified training groups. In the intensified training group, training intensity, duration, and frequency were further increased via a protocol to induce overtraining; in the control group, these factors remained unaltered. In phase 4, training intensity was reduced. Standardized exercise tests were performed after each phase and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (HEC) tests were performed after phases 2, 3, and 4. Results-10 of 12 horses completed the study. Dissociation between mean glucose metabolism rate and mean glucose metabolism rate-to-plasma insulin concentration ratio (M:I) was evident in the intensified training group during steady state of HEC testing after phases 3 and 4. After phase 4, mean glucose metabolism rate was significantly decreased (from 31.1 +/- 6.8 mumol/kg/min to 18.1 +/- 3.4 mumol/kg/min), as was M:I (from 1.05 +/- 0.31 to 0.62 +/- 0.17) during steady state in the intensified training group, compared with phase 3 values for the same horses. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Dissociation between the glucose metabolism rate and M:I in horses that underwent intensified training may reflect non-insulin-dependent increases in glucose metabolism.