@article{ef37599a62384318904edc2c0c18070f,
title = "Effectiveness of bedside investigations to diagnose peripheral artery disease among people with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review",
abstract = "The accurate identification of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in patients with diabetes and foot ulceration is important, in order to inform timely management and to plan intervention including revascularisation. A variety of non-invasive tests are available to diagnose PAD at the bedside, but there is no consensus as to the most useful test, or the accuracy of these bedside investigations when compared to reference imaging tests such as magnetic resonance angiography, computed tomography angiography, digital subtraction angiography or colour duplex ultrasound. Members of the International Working Group of the Diabetic Foot updated our previous systematic review, to include all eligible studies published between 1980 and 2018. Some 15380 titles were screened, resulting in 15 eligible studies (comprising 1563 patients, of which >80% in each study had diabetes) that evaluated an index bedside test for PAD against a reference imaging test. The primary endpoints were positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR). We found that the most commonly evaluated test parameter was ankle brachial index (ABI) 0.75 makes the diagnosis of PAD less likely (NLR 0.14-0.24), whereas pulse oximetry may be used to suggest the presence of PAD (if toe saturation",
keywords = "ACCURACY, CRITICAL LIMB ISCHEMIA, FOOT ULCER, HEALTH, INDEX, PRESSURE, PREVALENCE, RISK-FACTORS, TOOL, VASCULAR-DISEASE, amputation, diabetes, diabetic foot, diagnosis, foot ulcer, peripheral artery disease, PREDICTION, FOOT ULCERS",
author = "Forsythe, {Rachael O.} and Jan Apelqvist and Boyko, {Edward J.} and Robert Fitridge and Hong, {Joon Pio} and Konstantinos Katsanos and Mills, {Joseph L.} and Sigrid Nikol and Jim Reekers and Maarit Venermo and Zierler, {R. Eugene} and Schaper, {Nicolaas C.} and Hinchliffe, {Robert J.}",
note = "Funding Information: Production of the 2019 IWGDF Guidelines was supported by unrestricted grants from: Molnlycke Healthcare, Acelity, ConvaTec, Urgo Medical, Edixomed, Klaveness, Reapplix, Podartis, Aurealis, SoftOx, Woundcare Circle, and Essity. These sponsors did not have any communication related to the systematic reviews of the literature or related to the guidelines with working group members during the writing of the guidelines, and have not seen any guideline or guideline‐related document before publication. All individual conflict of interest statement of authors of this guideline can be found at: https://iwgdfguidelines.org/about-iwgdf-guidelines/biographies/ . Funding Information: We would like to thank the following external experts for their review of our PICOs for clinical relevance: Stephan Morbach (Germany), Heidi Corcoran (Hongkong), Vilma Urban?i? (Slovenia), Rica Tanaka (Japan), Florian Dick (Switzerland), Taha Wassila (Egypt), Abdul Basit (Pakistan), Yamile Jubiz (Colombia), Sriram Narayanan (Singapore), Eduardo Alvarez (Cuba). We would like to thank Jaap J. Van Netten (on behalf of the IWGDF editorial board) and Neal Barshes (independent external expert) for their peer review of the manuscript. In addition, we would like to thank Jack Brownrigg for his input into the previous version of this systematic review. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd",
year = "2020",
month = mar,
day = "16",
doi = "10.1002/dmrr.3277",
language = "English",
volume = "36",
pages = "1--17",
journal = "Diabetes-metabolism Research and Reviews",
issn = "1520-7552",
publisher = "Wiley",
number = "1",
}