Diving below the Spin-down Limit: Constraints on Gravitational Waves from the Energetic Young Pulsar PSR J0537-6910

R. Abbott; T. D. Abbott; S. Abraham; F. Acernese; K. Ackley; A. Adams; C. Adams; R. X. Adhikari; V. B. Adya; C. Affeldt; D. Agarwal; M. Agathos; K. Agatsuma; N. Aggarwal; O. D. Aguiar; L. Aiello; A. Ain; P. Ajith; T. Akutsu; K. M. Aleman; G. Allen; A. Allocca; P. A. Altin; A. Amato; S. Anand; A. Ananyeva; S. B. Anderson; W. G. Anderson; M. Ando; S. Angelova; S. Ansoldi; J. M. Antelis; S. Antier; S. Appert; Koya Arai; Koji Arai; Y. Arai; S. Araki; A. Araya; M. C. Araya; J. S. Areeda; M. Arene; N. Aritomi; N. Arnaud; S. M. Aronson; K. G. Arun; H. Asada; Y. Asali; G. Ashton; Y. Aso; KAGRA Collaboration; LIGO Scientific Collaboration; Virgo Collaboration; Stefan Danilishin; Stefan Hild; Gideon Koekoek; Ayatri Singha; Jessica Steinlechner; Sebastian Steinlechner; Andrei Utina; Johannes van den Brand

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abffcd

Diving below the Spin-down Limit: Constraints on Gravitational Waves from the Energetic Young Pulsar PSR J0537-6910

R. Abbott^*, T. D. Abbott^*, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, A. Adams, C. Adams, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, D. Agarwal, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, T. Akutsu, K. M. AlemanG. Allen, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, S. Anand, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Ando, S. Angelova, S. Ansoldi, J. M. Antelis, S. Antier, S. Appert, Koya Arai, Koji Arai, Y. Arai, S. Araki, A. Araya, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, M. Arene, N. Aritomi, N. Arnaud, S. M. Aronson, K. G. Arun, H. Asada, Y. Asali, G. Ashton, Y. Aso, KAGRA Collaboration, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Stefan Danilishin, Stefan Hild, Gideon Koekoek, Ayatri Singha, Jessica Steinlechner, Sebastian Steinlechner, Andrei Utina, Johannes van den Brand

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

We present a search for quasi-monochromatic gravitational-wave signals from the young, energetic X-ray pulsar PSR J0537-6910 using data from the second and third observing runs of LIGO and Virgo. The search is enabled by a contemporaneous timing ephemeris obtained using Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) data. The NICER ephemeris has also been extended through 2020 October and includes three new glitches. PSR J0537-6910 has the largest spin-down luminosity of any pulsar and exhibits fRequent and strong glitches. Analyses of its long-term and interglitch braking indices provide intriguing evidence that its spin-down energy budget may include gravitational-wave emission from a time-varying mass quadrupole moment. Its 62 Hz rotation frequency also puts its possible gravitational-wave emission in the most sensitive band of the LIGO/Virgo detectors. Motivated by these considerations, we search for gravitational-wave emission at both once and twice the rotation frequency from PSR J0537-6910. We find no signal, however, and report upper limits. Assuming a rigidly rotating triaxial star, our constraints reach below the gravitational-wave spin-down limit for this star for the first time by more than a factor of 2 and limit gravitational waves from the l = m = 2 mode to account for less than 14% of the spin-down energy budget. The fiducial equatorial ellipticity is constrained to less than about 3 x10(-5), which is the third best constraint for any young pulsar.

Original language	English
Article number	L27
Number of pages	15
Journal	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	913
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abffcd
Publication status	Published - 1 Jun 2021

Keywords

Gravitational waves
SUPERNOVA REMNANT
R-MODE
BIG GLITCHER
1ST SEARCH
ROTATION
HISTORY
N157B

Access to Document

10.3847/2041-8213/abffcd

Cite this

Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Abraham, S., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, A., Adams, C., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Akutsu, T., ... van den Brand, J. (2021). Diving below the Spin-down Limit: Constraints on Gravitational Waves from the Energetic Young Pulsar PSR J0537-6910. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 913(2), Article L27. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abffcd

@article{c4e1909f155a48b19caa3e7b5df42a89,

title = "Diving below the Spin-down Limit: Constraints on Gravitational Waves from the Energetic Young Pulsar PSR J0537-6910",

abstract = "We present a search for quasi-monochromatic gravitational-wave signals from the young, energetic X-ray pulsar PSR J0537-6910 using data from the second and third observing runs of LIGO and Virgo. The search is enabled by a contemporaneous timing ephemeris obtained using Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) data. The NICER ephemeris has also been extended through 2020 October and includes three new glitches. PSR J0537-6910 has the largest spin-down luminosity of any pulsar and exhibits fRequent and strong glitches. Analyses of its long-term and interglitch braking indices provide intriguing evidence that its spin-down energy budget may include gravitational-wave emission from a time-varying mass quadrupole moment. Its 62 Hz rotation frequency also puts its possible gravitational-wave emission in the most sensitive band of the LIGO/Virgo detectors. Motivated by these considerations, we search for gravitational-wave emission at both once and twice the rotation frequency from PSR J0537-6910. We find no signal, however, and report upper limits. Assuming a rigidly rotating triaxial star, our constraints reach below the gravitational-wave spin-down limit for this star for the first time by more than a factor of 2 and limit gravitational waves from the l = m = 2 mode to account for less than 14% of the spin-down energy budget. The fiducial equatorial ellipticity is constrained to less than about 3 x10(-5), which is the third best constraint for any young pulsar.",

keywords = "Gravitational waves, SUPERNOVA REMNANT, R-MODE, BIG GLITCHER, 1ST SEARCH, ROTATION, HISTORY, N157B",

author = "R. Abbott and Abbott, {T. D.} and S. Abraham and F. Acernese and K. Ackley and A. Adams and C. Adams and Adhikari, {R. X.} and Adya, {V. B.} and C. Affeldt and D. Agarwal and M. Agathos and K. Agatsuma and N. Aggarwal and Aguiar, {O. D.} and L. Aiello and A. Ain and P. Ajith and T. Akutsu and Aleman, {K. M.} and G. Allen and A. Allocca and Altin, {P. A.} and A. Amato and S. Anand and A. Ananyeva and Anderson, {S. B.} and Anderson, {W. G.} and M. Ando and S. Angelova and S. Ansoldi and Antelis, {J. M.} and S. Antier and S. Appert and Koya Arai and Koji Arai and Y. Arai and S. Araki and A. Araya and Araya, {M. C.} and Areeda, {J. S.} and M. Arene and N. Aritomi and N. Arnaud and Aronson, {S. M.} and Arun, {K. G.} and H. Asada and Y. Asali and G. Ashton and Y. Aso and {KAGRA Collaboration} and {LIGO Scientific Collaboration} and {Virgo Collaboration} and Stefan Danilishin and Stefan Hild and Gideon Koekoek and Ayatri Singha and Jessica Steinlechner and Sebastian Steinlechner and Andrei Utina and {van den Brand}, Johannes",

year = "2021",

month = jun,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/2041-8213/abffcd",

language = "English",

volume = "913",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal Letters",

issn = "2041-8205",

publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",

number = "2",

}

Abbott, R, Abbott, TD, Abraham, S, Acernese, F, Ackley, K, Adams, A, Adams, C, Adhikari, RX, Adya, VB, Affeldt, C, Agarwal, D, Agathos, M, Agatsuma, K, Aggarwal, N, Aguiar, OD, Aiello, L, Ain, A, Ajith, P, Akutsu, T, Aleman, KM, Allen, G, Allocca, A, Altin, PA, Amato, A, Anand, S, Ananyeva, A, Anderson, SB, Anderson, WG, Ando, M, Angelova, S, Ansoldi, S, Antelis, JM, Antier, S, Appert, S, Arai, K, Arai, K, Arai, Y, Araki, S, Araya, A, Araya, MC, Areeda, JS, Arene, M, Aritomi, N, Arnaud, N, Aronson, SM, Arun, KG, Asada, H, Asali, Y, Ashton, G, Aso, Y, KAGRA Collaboration, LIGO Scientific Collaboration, Virgo Collaboration, Danilishin, S , Hild, S , Koekoek, G , Singha, A , Steinlechner, J , Steinlechner, S , Utina, A & van den Brand, J 2021, 'Diving below the Spin-down Limit: Constraints on Gravitational Waves from the Energetic Young Pulsar PSR J0537-6910', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 913, no. 2, L27. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abffcd

TY - JOUR

T1 - Diving below the Spin-down Limit

T2 - Constraints on Gravitational Waves from the Energetic Young Pulsar PSR J0537-6910

AU - Abbott, R.

AU - Abbott, T. D.

AU - Abraham, S.

AU - Acernese, F.

AU - Ackley, K.

AU - Adams, A.

AU - Adams, C.

AU - Adhikari, R. X.

AU - Adya, V. B.

AU - Affeldt, C.

AU - Agarwal, D.

AU - Agathos, M.

AU - Agatsuma, K.

AU - Aggarwal, N.

AU - Aguiar, O. D.

AU - Aiello, L.

AU - Ain, A.

AU - Ajith, P.

AU - Akutsu, T.

AU - Aleman, K. M.

AU - Allen, G.

AU - Allocca, A.

AU - Altin, P. A.

AU - Amato, A.

AU - Anand, S.

AU - Ananyeva, A.

AU - Anderson, S. B.

AU - Anderson, W. G.

AU - Ando, M.

AU - Angelova, S.

AU - Ansoldi, S.

AU - Antelis, J. M.

AU - Antier, S.

AU - Appert, S.

AU - Arai, Koya

AU - Arai, Koji

AU - Arai, Y.

AU - Araki, S.

AU - Araya, A.

AU - Araya, M. C.

AU - Areeda, J. S.

AU - Arene, M.

AU - Aritomi, N.

AU - Arnaud, N.

AU - Aronson, S. M.

AU - Arun, K. G.

AU - Asada, H.

AU - Asali, Y.

AU - Ashton, G.

AU - Aso, Y.

AU - KAGRA Collaboration

AU - LIGO Scientific Collaboration

AU - Virgo Collaboration

AU - Danilishin, Stefan

AU - Hild, Stefan

AU - Koekoek, Gideon

AU - Singha, Ayatri

AU - Steinlechner, Jessica

AU - Steinlechner, Sebastian

AU - Utina, Andrei

AU - van den Brand, Johannes

PY - 2021/6/1

Y1 - 2021/6/1

N2 - We present a search for quasi-monochromatic gravitational-wave signals from the young, energetic X-ray pulsar PSR J0537-6910 using data from the second and third observing runs of LIGO and Virgo. The search is enabled by a contemporaneous timing ephemeris obtained using Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) data. The NICER ephemeris has also been extended through 2020 October and includes three new glitches. PSR J0537-6910 has the largest spin-down luminosity of any pulsar and exhibits fRequent and strong glitches. Analyses of its long-term and interglitch braking indices provide intriguing evidence that its spin-down energy budget may include gravitational-wave emission from a time-varying mass quadrupole moment. Its 62 Hz rotation frequency also puts its possible gravitational-wave emission in the most sensitive band of the LIGO/Virgo detectors. Motivated by these considerations, we search for gravitational-wave emission at both once and twice the rotation frequency from PSR J0537-6910. We find no signal, however, and report upper limits. Assuming a rigidly rotating triaxial star, our constraints reach below the gravitational-wave spin-down limit for this star for the first time by more than a factor of 2 and limit gravitational waves from the l = m = 2 mode to account for less than 14% of the spin-down energy budget. The fiducial equatorial ellipticity is constrained to less than about 3 x10(-5), which is the third best constraint for any young pulsar.

AB - We present a search for quasi-monochromatic gravitational-wave signals from the young, energetic X-ray pulsar PSR J0537-6910 using data from the second and third observing runs of LIGO and Virgo. The search is enabled by a contemporaneous timing ephemeris obtained using Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) data. The NICER ephemeris has also been extended through 2020 October and includes three new glitches. PSR J0537-6910 has the largest spin-down luminosity of any pulsar and exhibits fRequent and strong glitches. Analyses of its long-term and interglitch braking indices provide intriguing evidence that its spin-down energy budget may include gravitational-wave emission from a time-varying mass quadrupole moment. Its 62 Hz rotation frequency also puts its possible gravitational-wave emission in the most sensitive band of the LIGO/Virgo detectors. Motivated by these considerations, we search for gravitational-wave emission at both once and twice the rotation frequency from PSR J0537-6910. We find no signal, however, and report upper limits. Assuming a rigidly rotating triaxial star, our constraints reach below the gravitational-wave spin-down limit for this star for the first time by more than a factor of 2 and limit gravitational waves from the l = m = 2 mode to account for less than 14% of the spin-down energy budget. The fiducial equatorial ellipticity is constrained to less than about 3 x10(-5), which is the third best constraint for any young pulsar.

KW - Gravitational waves

KW - SUPERNOVA REMNANT

KW - R-MODE

KW - BIG GLITCHER

KW - 1ST SEARCH

KW - ROTATION

KW - HISTORY

KW - N157B

U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/abffcd

DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/abffcd

M3 - Article

SN - 2041-8205

VL - 913

JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters

JF - Astrophysical Journal Letters

IS - 2

M1 - L27

ER -