TY - JOUR
T1 - Dipstick Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Coated Screen-Printed Electrodes for the Single-Shot Detection of Glucose in Urine Samples-From Fundamental Study toward Point-of-Care Application
AU - Caldara, Manlio
AU - Lowdon, Joseph W. W.
AU - van Wissen, Gil
AU - Ferrari, Alejandro Garcia-Miranda
AU - Crapnell, Robert D. D.
AU - Cleij, Thomas J. J.
AU - Dilien, Hanne
AU - Banks, Craig E. E.
AU - Eersels, Kasper
AU - van Grinsven, Bart
PY - 2023/6
Y1 - 2023/6
N2 - Glucose biosensors play an extremely important role in health care systems worldwide. Therefore, the field continues to attract significant attention leading to the development of innovative technologies. Due to their characteristics, Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) represent a promising alternative to commercial enzymatic sensors. In this work, a low-cost, flexible MIP-based platform for glucose sensing by integrating MIP particles directly into screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) is realized. The sensor design allows the detection of glucose via two different transducer principles, the so-called “heat-transfer method” (HTM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor are demonstrated by comparing the responses obtained toward three different saccharides. Furthermore, the application potential of the MIP-SPE sensor is demonstrated by analyzing the response in urine samples, showing a linear range of 14.38–330 µm with HTM and 1.37–330 µm with EIS. To bring the sensor closer to a real life application, a handheld dipstick sensor is developed, allowing the single-shot detection of glucose in urine using EIS. This study illustrates that the simplicity of the dipstick readout coupled with the straightforward manufacturing process opens up the possibility for mass production, making this platform a very attractive alternative to commercial glucose sensors.
AB - Glucose biosensors play an extremely important role in health care systems worldwide. Therefore, the field continues to attract significant attention leading to the development of innovative technologies. Due to their characteristics, Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) represent a promising alternative to commercial enzymatic sensors. In this work, a low-cost, flexible MIP-based platform for glucose sensing by integrating MIP particles directly into screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) is realized. The sensor design allows the detection of glucose via two different transducer principles, the so-called “heat-transfer method” (HTM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor are demonstrated by comparing the responses obtained toward three different saccharides. Furthermore, the application potential of the MIP-SPE sensor is demonstrated by analyzing the response in urine samples, showing a linear range of 14.38–330 µm with HTM and 1.37–330 µm with EIS. To bring the sensor closer to a real life application, a handheld dipstick sensor is developed, allowing the single-shot detection of glucose in urine using EIS. This study illustrates that the simplicity of the dipstick readout coupled with the straightforward manufacturing process opens up the possibility for mass production, making this platform a very attractive alternative to commercial glucose sensors.
KW - dipstick sensors
KW - molecularly imprinted polymers
KW - non-enzymatic glucose sensors
KW - non-invasive glucose monitoring
KW - screen-printed electrodes
KW - NONENZYMATIC ELECTROCHEMICAL GLUCOSE
U2 - 10.1002/admi.202300182
DO - 10.1002/admi.202300182
M3 - Article
SN - 2196-7350
VL - 10
JO - Advanced Materials Interfaces
JF - Advanced Materials Interfaces
IS - 18
M1 - 2300182
ER -