Dietary intake of dicarbonyl compounds and changes in body weight over time in a large cohort of European adults

Charlotte Debras, Reynalda Cordova, Ana-Lucia Mayén, Kim Maasen, Viktoria Knaze, Simone Jpm Eussen, Casper G Schalkwijk, Inge Huybrechts, Anne Tjønneland, Jytte Halkjær, Verena Katzke, Rashmita Bajracharya, Matthias B Schulze, Giovanna Masala, Valeria Pala, Fabrizio Pasanisi, Alessandra Macciotta, Dafina Petrova, Jazmin Castañeda, Carmen SantiustePilar Amiano, Conchi Moreno-Iribas, Yan Borné, Emily Sonestedt, Ingegerd Johansson, Anders Esberg, Elom Kouassivi Aglago, Mazda Jenab*, Heinz Freisling

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Dicarbonyl compounds are highly reactive precursors of advanced glycation end products (AGE), produced endogenously, present in certain foods and formed during food processing. AGE contribute to the development of adverse metabolic outcomes, but health effects of dietary dicarbonyls are largely unexplored. We investigated associations between three dietary dicarbonyl compounds, methylglyoxal (MGO), glyoxal (GO) and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), and body weight changes in European adults. Dicarbonyl intakes were estimated using food composition database from 263Â 095 European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Physical Activity, Nutrition, Alcohol, Cessation of Smoking, Eating Out of Home in Relation to Anthropometry participants with two body weight assessments (median follow-up time = 5·4 years). Associations between dicarbonyls and 5-year body-weight changes were estimated using mixed linear regression models. Stratified analyses by sex, age and baseline BMI were performed. Risk of becoming overweight/obese was assessed using multivariable-Adjusted logistic regression. MGO intake was associated with 5-year body-weight gain of 0·089 kg (per 1-sd increase, 95 % CI 0·072, 0·107). 3-DG was inversely associated with body-weight change (-0·076 kg,-0·094,-0·058). No significant association was observed for GO (0·018 kg,-0·002, 0·037). In stratified analyses, GO was associated with body-weight gain among women and older participants (above median of 52·4 years). MGO was associated with higher body-weight gain among older participants. 3-DG was inversely associated with body-weight gain among younger and normal-weight participants. MGO was associated with a higher risk of becoming overweight/obese, while inverse associations were observed for 3-DG. No associations were observed for GO with overweight/obesity. Dietary dicarbonyls are inconsistently associated with body weight change among European adults. Further research is needed to clarify the role of these food components in overweight and obesity, their underlying mechanisms and potential public health implications.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1902-1914
Number of pages13
JournalBritish Journal of Nutrition
Volume131
Issue number11
Early online date22 Feb 2024
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 14 Jun 2024

Keywords

  • advanced glycation end products
  • body weight change
  • dietary dicarbonyl compounds
  • obesity
  • overweight
  • prospective cohort study

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