Corrigendum to 'Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: Umbrella review of evidence generated across the globe’ [Psychiatry Research 328 (2023) 115449]

The authors regret that the published articles contain errors in citations in the introduction, discussion sections, and also report inaccurate rates of ADHD subtypes in the results due to errors made during subsequent revisions. Below are the details of the areas and sections requiring corrections with citations. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. On page 1, paragraph 1, line 15, the phrase 'not receiving treatment' should be corrected to 'treatment for ADHD,' as receiving treatment for ADHD in childhood is a significant predictor of its persistence into adulthood in the literature. In the discussion section on page 4 of the PDF, the sentence discussing untreated cases of ADHD, which reads 'For example, a 2020 study suggested that only 90 % of adults with ADHD receive the intended treatment (Huang et al., 2020),' should be corrected as follows: A significant proportion, estimated up to 90 %, of adults with ADHD remain untreated, despite the evidence (Targum & Adler, 2014). This rate might be significantly higher in low-income countries, including Ethiopia, where even nine out of ten individuals with severe mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, do not receive the required treatment (Alem et al., 2009). In the discussion section on page 4, the paragraph comparing ADHD in adults with schizophrenia and other mental disorders (paragraph 2) inaccurately indicated the prevalence of schizophrenia as 4% instead of 0.4 %. Therefore, the statement should be corrected as follows: 'First, the prevalence estimate of ADHD in adults is relatively high (3.1 %). This prevalence is significantly higher than, comparable to, or only slightly lower than the reported prevalence estimates of mental disorders that have received significant attention globally, such as schizophrenia (0.4 %) (Saha et al., 2005) and major depressive disorders (5 %) (Steel et al., 2014).We noticed that the sample size for each subtype is correct, but the proportion was incorrectly noted. As we already know, the subtypes of ADHD are independent of each other, so the prevalence for each subtype of ADHD sums to approximately the overall prevalence rates. Therefore, the paragraph regarding the rates of the subtypes of ADHD in the results section should be corrected as follows: 'The hyperactive type of ADHD (ADHD-HI) was the most common type of ADHD[1.22 % (95 % CI 0.60–1.83 %); n = 4633], followed by the inattentive type of ADHD [0.98 % (95 % CI 0.27–1.66 %); n = 4633] and the combined type (ADHD-C) [0.51 % (95 % CI 0.19–0.83 %); n = 4300]”. These changes will apply to sections of the manuscript, such as the abstract and discussion, which mention inattentive-type ADHD as the most common type of ADHD in adults, instead of the hyperactive type.