Citrus Extract High in Flavonoids Beneficially Alters Intestinal Metabolic Responses in Subjects with Features of Metabolic Syndrome †

Mônica Maurer Sost; Yala Stevens; Bouke Salden; Freddy Troost; Ad Masclee; Koen Venema

doi:10.3390/foods12183413

Citrus Extract High in Flavonoids Beneficially Alters Intestinal Metabolic Responses in Subjects with Features of Metabolic Syndrome †

Mônica Maurer Sost, Yala Stevens, Bouke Salden, Freddy Troost, Ad Masclee, Koen Venema^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a citrus extract rich in citrus flavonoids on intestinal metabolic responses in subjects with features of metabolic syndrome, in an in vitro colon fermentation system (TIM-2) and fecal samples obtained from human subjects in an in vivo trial. In the TIM-2 system inoculated with fecal samples of volunteers with features of metabolic syndrome, continuous citrus extract supplementation (500 mg/day) resulted in increased cumulative short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels compared to the control condition, which was mainly due to increased production of butyrate, acetate, and valerate. In human volunteers, 12 weeks of daily supplementation with 500 mg citrus extract resulted in a significant shift in the SCFA profile towards more butyrate (p = 0.022) compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, there was a trend towards a reduction in fecal calprotectin levels, a marker for intestinal inflammation, compared to the placebo (p = 0.058). Together, these results suggest that citrus extract intake may have a positive effect on intestinal metabolic responses and through this, on host health in subjects with features of metabolic syndrome. Further research is needed to provide more insight into the potential underlying mechanisms and to study effects on clinical parameters.

Original language	English
Article number	3413
Journal	Foods
Volume	12
Issue number	18
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12183413
Publication status	Published - 1 Sept 2023

Keywords

citrus extract
in vitro model
metabolic syndrome
short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)
TIM-2

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10.3390/foods12183413Licence: CC BY

Cite this

@article{de638d2332974aa0b1047e706eef8fd2,

title = "Citrus Extract High in Flavonoids Beneficially Alters Intestinal Metabolic Responses in Subjects with Features of Metabolic Syndrome †",

abstract = "The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a citrus extract rich in citrus flavonoids on intestinal metabolic responses in subjects with features of metabolic syndrome, in an in vitro colon fermentation system (TIM-2) and fecal samples obtained from human subjects in an in vivo trial. In the TIM-2 system inoculated with fecal samples of volunteers with features of metabolic syndrome, continuous citrus extract supplementation (500 mg/day) resulted in increased cumulative short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels compared to the control condition, which was mainly due to increased production of butyrate, acetate, and valerate. In human volunteers, 12 weeks of daily supplementation with 500 mg citrus extract resulted in a significant shift in the SCFA profile towards more butyrate (p = 0.022) compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, there was a trend towards a reduction in fecal calprotectin levels, a marker for intestinal inflammation, compared to the placebo (p = 0.058). Together, these results suggest that citrus extract intake may have a positive effect on intestinal metabolic responses and through this, on host health in subjects with features of metabolic syndrome. Further research is needed to provide more insight into the potential underlying mechanisms and to study effects on clinical parameters.",

keywords = "citrus extract, in vitro model, metabolic syndrome, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), TIM-2",

author = "{Maurer Sost}, M{\^o}nica and Yala Stevens and Bouke Salden and Freddy Troost and Ad Masclee and Koen Venema",

note = "Funding Information: Y.S. is employed by the company, BioActor. Y.S. and B.S. are inventors for a patent application of BioActor BV. A.M. was supported by a health care efficiency grant from ZonMw, an unrestricted research grant from Will Pharma S.A., a restricted educational grant from Ferring B.V., a research grant from Pentax Europe, research funding from Allegan and Gr{\"u}nenthal, and gave scientific advice to Bayer, Kyowa Kirin, and Takeda, outside the submitted work. K.V. is a consultant for industrial parties and universities. The other authors declare no conflict of interest. Funding Information: The authors declare that this study received funding from BioActor BV. The funder was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of this article, or the decision to submit it for publication. Furthermore, the research has been made possible with the support of the Dutch Province of Limburg, with a Grant to HEFI, grant HEFI-1. The APC was funded by Maastricht University–campus Venlo. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 by the authors.",

year = "2023",

month = sep,

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doi = "10.3390/foods12183413",

language = "English",

volume = "12",

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T1 - Citrus Extract High in Flavonoids Beneficially Alters Intestinal Metabolic Responses in Subjects with Features of Metabolic Syndrome †

AU - Maurer Sost, Mônica

AU - Stevens, Yala

AU - Salden, Bouke

AU - Troost, Freddy

AU - Masclee, Ad

AU - Venema, Koen

N1 - Funding Information: Y.S. is employed by the company, BioActor. Y.S. and B.S. are inventors for a patent application of BioActor BV. A.M. was supported by a health care efficiency grant from ZonMw, an unrestricted research grant from Will Pharma S.A., a restricted educational grant from Ferring B.V., a research grant from Pentax Europe, research funding from Allegan and Grünenthal, and gave scientific advice to Bayer, Kyowa Kirin, and Takeda, outside the submitted work. K.V. is a consultant for industrial parties and universities. The other authors declare no conflict of interest. Funding Information: The authors declare that this study received funding from BioActor BV. The funder was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of this article, or the decision to submit it for publication. Furthermore, the research has been made possible with the support of the Dutch Province of Limburg, with a Grant to HEFI, grant HEFI-1. The APC was funded by Maastricht University–campus Venlo. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.

PY - 2023/9/1

Y1 - 2023/9/1

N2 - The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a citrus extract rich in citrus flavonoids on intestinal metabolic responses in subjects with features of metabolic syndrome, in an in vitro colon fermentation system (TIM-2) and fecal samples obtained from human subjects in an in vivo trial. In the TIM-2 system inoculated with fecal samples of volunteers with features of metabolic syndrome, continuous citrus extract supplementation (500 mg/day) resulted in increased cumulative short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels compared to the control condition, which was mainly due to increased production of butyrate, acetate, and valerate. In human volunteers, 12 weeks of daily supplementation with 500 mg citrus extract resulted in a significant shift in the SCFA profile towards more butyrate (p = 0.022) compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, there was a trend towards a reduction in fecal calprotectin levels, a marker for intestinal inflammation, compared to the placebo (p = 0.058). Together, these results suggest that citrus extract intake may have a positive effect on intestinal metabolic responses and through this, on host health in subjects with features of metabolic syndrome. Further research is needed to provide more insight into the potential underlying mechanisms and to study effects on clinical parameters.

AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a citrus extract rich in citrus flavonoids on intestinal metabolic responses in subjects with features of metabolic syndrome, in an in vitro colon fermentation system (TIM-2) and fecal samples obtained from human subjects in an in vivo trial. In the TIM-2 system inoculated with fecal samples of volunteers with features of metabolic syndrome, continuous citrus extract supplementation (500 mg/day) resulted in increased cumulative short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels compared to the control condition, which was mainly due to increased production of butyrate, acetate, and valerate. In human volunteers, 12 weeks of daily supplementation with 500 mg citrus extract resulted in a significant shift in the SCFA profile towards more butyrate (p = 0.022) compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, there was a trend towards a reduction in fecal calprotectin levels, a marker for intestinal inflammation, compared to the placebo (p = 0.058). Together, these results suggest that citrus extract intake may have a positive effect on intestinal metabolic responses and through this, on host health in subjects with features of metabolic syndrome. Further research is needed to provide more insight into the potential underlying mechanisms and to study effects on clinical parameters.

KW - citrus extract

KW - in vitro model

KW - metabolic syndrome

KW - short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)

KW - TIM-2

U2 - 10.3390/foods12183413

DO - 10.3390/foods12183413

M3 - Article

SN - 2304-8158

VL - 12

JO - Foods

JF - Foods

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ER -