Associations of Dietary Glucose, Fructose, and Sucrose with beta-Cell Function, Insulin Sensitivity, and Type 2 Diabetes in the Maastricht Study

Louise J. C. J. den Biggelaar*, Simone J. P. M. Eussen, Simone J. S. Sep, Andrea Mari, Ele Ferrannini, Martien C. J. M. van Dongen, Karlijn F. M. Denissen, Nicole E. G. Wijckmans, Miranda T. Schram, Carla J. van der Kallen, Annemarie Koster, Nicolaas Schaper, Ronald M. A. Henry, Coen D. A. Stehouwer, Pieter C. Dagnelie

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

The associations of glucose, fructose, and sucrose intake with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been inconsistent. Furthermore, there is a lack of studies focusing on early markers of T2DM that provide insight into the process of T2DM progression: impaired pancreatic beta-cell function (BCF) and insulin sensitivity. This study evaluated associations cross-sectionally in a population-based cohort consisting of 2818 individuals (mean +/- SD age 59.7 +/- 8.18, 49.5% male, n = 120 newly diagnosed T2DM). Glucose, fructose, and sucrose intake were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Glucose metabolism status, insulin sensitivity, and BCF were measured by a seven-points oral glucose tolerance test. Linear regression analysis revealed a positive association of glucose intake with insulin sensitivity in the fully adjusted model (standardized beta (95% CI) 0.07 (0.05, 0.14) SD for >= 23 g vs. <10 g of glucose). Fructose and sucrose intake were not associated with insulin sensitivity after full adjustments. In addition, no associations of dietary glucose, fructose, and sucrose with BCF were detected. In conclusion, higher intake of glucose, not fructose and sucrose, was associated with higher insulin sensitivity, independent of dietary fibre. No convincing evidence was found for associations of dietary glucose, fructose, and sucrose with BCF in this middle-aged population.

Original languageEnglish
Article number380
Number of pages15
JournalNutrients
Volume9
Issue number4
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Apr 2017

Keywords

  • beta-cell function
  • diet
  • fructose
  • glucose
  • insulin sensitivity
  • prediabetes
  • sucrose
  • type 2 diabetes
  • GLYCEMIC INDEX
  • SWEETENED BEVERAGES
  • CANCER-NORFOLK
  • FRUIT JUICES
  • RESISTANCE
  • RISK
  • TOLERANCE
  • WOMEN
  • CONSUMPTION
  • OBESITY

Cite this