Animal models and methods to study arterial stiffness

Measurement of arterial stiffness is important in human disease. Given the limitations inherent to experimental designs and measurement techniques in humans, animal studies remain essential for identifying underlying molecular and mechanical mechanisms of arterial stiffening, and for evaluating potential drug efficacy. Although arterial stiffness has been studied in large animals, which remains important for preclinical studies and evaluating medical devices, many studies have shifted mainly to murine models. In this chapter, we briefly review key methods of measurement of arterial stiffness and useful mouse models used in arterial stiffness research. Due to the small size of mice, novel methods and equipment had to be developed. In summary, measurement of arterial stiffness is important in humans and fundamental for basic research, and many methods and models are available. It is critical, however, to understand the inherent differences, strengths, and limitation of various methods, in order to improve our understanding of arterial stiffness and advance the field.