A systematic review and meta-analysis of Optical coherence tomography studies in Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder and Major depressive disorder

Akash Prasannakumar, Vijay Kumar, Pooja Mailankody, Abhishek Appaji, Rajani Battu, Tos Tjm Berendschot, Naren P Rao*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal(Systematic) Review article peer-review

94 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Objectives: Due to the common neurodevelopmental origin and easy accessibility, the retina serves as a surrogate marker for changes in the brain. Hence, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), a tool to examine the neuronal layers of retina has gained importance in investigating psychiatric disorders. Several studies in the last decade have reported retinal structural alterations in schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the findings are inconsistent. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate alterations in OCT parameters in patients with SCZ, BD and MDD. Methods: We searched electronic databases for studies that examined OCT parameters in patients with SCZ, BD and MDD published up to January 2023. The primary outcome measures were thickness and volumes of the retinal Nerve Fibre Layer (RNFL). We conducted meta-analysis using a random effects model. Results: The searches yielded 2638 publications of which 43 studies were included in the final analysis across all disorders. Compared to controls, the RNFL was thinner in SCZ patients (SMD = −0.37, p = <0.001) and BD patients (SMD = −0.67, p = < 0.001), but not in MDD patients (SMD = −0.08, p = 0.54). On quadrant wise analysis, temporal quadrant RNFL was thinner in SCZ but not in BD, while all other quadrants were thinner in both SCZ and BD. Conclusion: We found significant reductions in RNFL thickness in SCZ and BD, but not in MDD. The differential involvement in various quadrants and parameters across the disorders has potential implications for using retinal parameters as a diagnostic biomarker.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)707-720
Number of pages14
JournalWorld Journal of Biological Psychiatry
Volume24
Issue number8
Early online date18 Apr 2023
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 14 Sept 2023

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'A systematic review and meta-analysis of Optical coherence tomography studies in Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder and Major depressive disorder'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this