A limited sampling strategy to estimate exposure of once-daily modified release tacrolimus in renal transplant recipients using linear regression analysis and comparison with Bayesian population pharmacokinetics in different cohorts

Frank Stifft*, Franciscus Vandermeer, Cees Neef, Sander van Kuijk, Maarten H. L. Christiaans

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Purpose Tacrolimus has a narrow therapeutic window. Measuring trough level (C-0) as surrogate for drug exposure (AUC) in renal transplant recipients has limitations. Therefore, limited sampling strategies (LSS's) have been developed. For the newer modified release, once-daily formulation (Tac QD) LSS's are based on either linear regression analysis (LRA) or population pharmacokinetics with maximum a posteriori Bayesian (MAPB) estimation. The predictive performances of both methods were compared, also to LSS's as described in literature. Methods LSS's (maximally three sampling time points) were developed for Tac QD from full 24-h sampling by LRA in 27 Caucasian, stable renal transplant recipients. Performance for accuracy (mean absolute prediction error <10%) and precision (root mean squared error <15%) was quantified also after MAPB estimation in two independent groups (early and late post-transplant, n = 12 each). Results LRA determined a single 8 hours post-dose measurement (C-8) to fulfil predefined criteria for accuracy (MAPE 3.41%) and precision (RMSE 4.28%). The best LSS contained C-2, C-8 and C-12 for the stable (MAPE 2.42%, RMSE 3.1%) and the early post-transplant group (MAPE 2.46%, RMSE 3.14%). LRA did not include C-0 for any LSS, unless it was forced into the model. MAPB estimation showed similar performance. Conclusions In renal transplant patients, sampling in the elimination phase (C-8) accurately predicted Tac QD exposure, contrary to C-0. The 3-point sampling C-2,C- C-8 and C-12 had the best performance and is also valid early post-transplant. These LSS's were similarly predictive with MAPB estimation. Dried blood spot could facilitate late sampling in clinical practice.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)685-693
Number of pages9
JournalEuropean Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
Volume76
Issue number5
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 4 Feb 2020

Keywords

  • Tacrolimus
  • Kidney transplantation
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Limited sampling strategy
  • Therapeutic drug monitoring
  • PROGRAF-BASED REGIMEN
  • CONVERSION
  • FORMULATIONS
  • CURVE
  • AREA

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