Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) has been proposed as a supplemental tool for reducing clinical misdiagnosis in severely brain-injured populations helping to distinguish conscious from unconscious patients. We studied the use of spectral entropy as a measure of focal attention in order to develop a motor-independent, portable, and objective diagnostic tool for patients with locked-in syndrome (LIS), answering the issues of accuracy and training requirement. Data from 20 healthy volunteers, 6 LIS patients, and 10 patients with a vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS) were included. Spectral entropy was computed during a gaze-independent 2-class (attention vs rest) paradigm, and compared with EEG rhythms (delta, theta, alpha, and beta) classification. Spectral entropy classification during the attention-rest paradigm showed 93% and 91% accuracy in healthy volunteers and LIS patients respectively. VS/UWS patients were at chance level. EEG rhythms classification reached a lower accuracy than spectral entropy. Resting-state EEG spectral entropy could not distinguish individual VS/UWS patients from LIS patients. The present study provides evidence that an EEG-based measure of attention could detect command-following in patients with severe motor disabilities. The entropy system could detect a response to command in all healthy subjects and LIS patients, while none of the VS/UWS patients showed a response to command using this system.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 122-135 |
Number of pages | 14 |
Journal | Clinical Eeg and Neuroscience |
Volume | 49 |
Issue number | 2 |
Early online date | 7 Nov 2016 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Mar 2018 |
Keywords
- locked-in syndrome
- diagnostic tool
- response to command
- focal attention
- entropy
- BRAIN-COMPUTER-INTERFACE
- APPROXIMATE ENTROPY
- BISPECTRAL INDEX
- VEGETATIVE STATE
- CONSCIOUSNESS
- COMMUNICATION
- DISORDERS
- BCI
- COMA
- ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Wakefulness/physiology
- Male
- Rest/physiology
- Young Adult
- Quadriplegia/diagnosis
- Adult
- Female
- Electroencephalography/methods
- Brain/physiopathology
- Consciousness Disorders/physiopathology
- Persistent Vegetative State/physiopathology
- Aged
- Attention/physiology