TY - JOUR
T1 - Theobromine consumption does not improve fasting and postprandial vascular function in overweight and obese subjects
AU - Smolders, Lotte
AU - Mensink, Ronald P.
AU - van den Driessche, Jose J.
AU - Joris, Peter J.
AU - Plat, Jogchum
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements We would like to thank M. Beckers, D. Luiten and C op ‘t Eyndt for their technical and dietetic assistance throughout the study. This research was supported by the Dutch Technology Foundation STW, which is part of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), and which is partly funded by the Ministry of Economic Affairs. Grant Number 11349.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018, The Author(s).
PY - 2019/4
Y1 - 2019/4
N2 - BackgoundTheobromine, a component of cocoa, may favorably affect conventional lipid-related cardiovascular risk markers, but effects on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and other vascular function markers are not known.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of 4-week theobromine consumption (500mg/day) on fasting and postprandial vascular function markers.DesignIn a randomized, double-blind crossover study, 44 apparently healthy overweight (N=30) and obese (N=14) men and women with low HDL-C concentrations, consumed daily 500mg theobromine or placebo for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, FMD, peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT), augmentation index (AIx), pulse wave velocity (PWV), blood pressure (BP) and retinal microvasculature measurements were performed. These measurements were carried out under fasting conditions and 2.5 h after a high-fat mixed meal challenge.Results4-week theobromine consumption did not change fasting vascular function markers, except for a decrease in central AIx (cAIx, -1.7pp, P=0.037) and a trend towards smaller venular calibers (-2 mu m, P=0.074). Consuming a high-fat mixed meal decreased FMD (0.89pp, P=0.002), reactive hyperemia index (RHI, -0.30, P
AB - BackgoundTheobromine, a component of cocoa, may favorably affect conventional lipid-related cardiovascular risk markers, but effects on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and other vascular function markers are not known.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of 4-week theobromine consumption (500mg/day) on fasting and postprandial vascular function markers.DesignIn a randomized, double-blind crossover study, 44 apparently healthy overweight (N=30) and obese (N=14) men and women with low HDL-C concentrations, consumed daily 500mg theobromine or placebo for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, FMD, peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT), augmentation index (AIx), pulse wave velocity (PWV), blood pressure (BP) and retinal microvasculature measurements were performed. These measurements were carried out under fasting conditions and 2.5 h after a high-fat mixed meal challenge.Results4-week theobromine consumption did not change fasting vascular function markers, except for a decrease in central AIx (cAIx, -1.7pp, P=0.037) and a trend towards smaller venular calibers (-2 mu m, P=0.074). Consuming a high-fat mixed meal decreased FMD (0.89pp, P=0.002), reactive hyperemia index (RHI, -0.30, P
KW - Theobromine
KW - Endothelial function
KW - Arterial stiffness
KW - Microvasculature
KW - Postprandial
KW - FLOW-MEDIATED DILATION
KW - ARTERIAL STIFFNESS
KW - DEPENDENT VASODILATION
KW - CHOCOLATE CONSUMPTION
KW - CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH
KW - ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION
KW - BRACHIAL-ARTERY
KW - HDL-CHOLESTEROL
KW - DARK CHOCOLATE
KW - BLOOD-PRESSURE
U2 - 10.1007/s00394-018-1612-6
DO - 10.1007/s00394-018-1612-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 29330660
SN - 1436-6207
VL - 58
SP - 981
EP - 987
JO - European Journal of Nutrition
JF - European Journal of Nutrition
IS - 3
ER -