TY - JOUR
T1 - Synthesis, Characterisation and Cytotoxicity Studies of Ruthenium Arene Complexes Bearing Trichlorogermyl Ligands
AU - Blom, Burgert
AU - Deacon-Price, Connor
AU - Dyson, Paul J.
AU - Riedel, Tina
AU - Romano, Dario
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the Maastricht Science Programme (MSP) and Maastricht University for financial support of this research. We would also like to thank Dr. M. Schlangen (TU-Berlin, Germany) for the HRMS data.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2019/1/1
Y1 - 2019/1/1
N2 - The synthesis of five half sandwich ruthenium(II) trichlorogermyl complexes of the type [(η6-Arene)Ru(PR3)Cl(GeCl3)] (PR3 = Phosphane and phosphite ligands; Arene = p-cymene or C6H5-OC2H4OH) is reported: [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(P(OMe)3)Cl(GeCl3)] (1), [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(P(OPh)3)Cl(GeCl3)] (2), [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(PPh3)Cl(GeCl3)] (3), [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(pta)Cl(GeCl3)] (pta = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) (4) and [(η6-C6H5-OC2H4OH)Ru(pta)Cl(GeCl3)] (5). The nature of the η6-arene and phosphane ligand was varied and the complexes have been prepared by facile insertion of GeCl2 (from GeCl2.(dioxane)) into the Ru-Cl bonds of the respective easily accessible precursor complexes [(η6-Arene)Ru(PR3)Cl2]. The complexes were fully spectroscopically characterized by 1H, 13C{1H} and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, UV-Vis, ATR-IR, HRMS (ESI) and their thermal behavior elucidated by TGA. Their cytotoxicity to human ovarian carcinoma (A2780) and non-tumorigenic human embryonic kidney HEK293 cell lines is also reported, and represents the first cytotoxic investigations of Ru(II) germyl complexes to date. The first DFT studies (B3LYP; basis set 6- 31+G(d,p) for H, C, O, P, Cl, N, and Ge atoms and DGDZVP for Ru atom) on trichlorogermyl ruthenium complexes were carried out on complex 2 and 5 in order to gain insights into the bonding situation between Ru and Ge and are reported.
AB - The synthesis of five half sandwich ruthenium(II) trichlorogermyl complexes of the type [(η6-Arene)Ru(PR3)Cl(GeCl3)] (PR3 = Phosphane and phosphite ligands; Arene = p-cymene or C6H5-OC2H4OH) is reported: [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(P(OMe)3)Cl(GeCl3)] (1), [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(P(OPh)3)Cl(GeCl3)] (2), [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(PPh3)Cl(GeCl3)] (3), [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(pta)Cl(GeCl3)] (pta = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) (4) and [(η6-C6H5-OC2H4OH)Ru(pta)Cl(GeCl3)] (5). The nature of the η6-arene and phosphane ligand was varied and the complexes have been prepared by facile insertion of GeCl2 (from GeCl2.(dioxane)) into the Ru-Cl bonds of the respective easily accessible precursor complexes [(η6-Arene)Ru(PR3)Cl2]. The complexes were fully spectroscopically characterized by 1H, 13C{1H} and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, UV-Vis, ATR-IR, HRMS (ESI) and their thermal behavior elucidated by TGA. Their cytotoxicity to human ovarian carcinoma (A2780) and non-tumorigenic human embryonic kidney HEK293 cell lines is also reported, and represents the first cytotoxic investigations of Ru(II) germyl complexes to date. The first DFT studies (B3LYP; basis set 6- 31+G(d,p) for H, C, O, P, Cl, N, and Ge atoms and DGDZVP for Ru atom) on trichlorogermyl ruthenium complexes were carried out on complex 2 and 5 in order to gain insights into the bonding situation between Ru and Ge and are reported.
KW - ANTICANCER COMPLEXES
KW - Bioorganometallic chemistry
KW - CANCER
KW - CISPLATIN
KW - Cytotoxicity studies
KW - DENSITY
KW - DRUG-RESISTANCE
KW - GERMYL COMPLEXES
KW - Group 14 chemistry
KW - HYDROLYSIS
KW - Insertion
KW - Ruthenium complexes
KW - SUBSTITUTION
KW - TRANSFERRIN
KW - TUMOR
KW - Trichlorogermyl ligand
U2 - 10.1016/j.ica.2018.09.019
DO - 10.1016/j.ica.2018.09.019
M3 - Article
SN - 0020-1693
VL - 484
SP - 513
EP - 520
JO - Inorganica Chimica Acta
JF - Inorganica Chimica Acta
ER -