TY - JOUR
T1 - Short-Term Effects of a Home-Based Smoking Prevention Program on Antismoking Socialization and Smoking-Related Cognitions: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
AU - Hiemstra, Marieke
AU - Ringlever, Linda
AU - Otten, Roy
AU - van Schayck, Onno C. P.
AU - Engels, Rutger C. M. E.
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - Objective: This study aims to evaluate the short-term effects of a home-based smoking prevention program called 'Smoke-free Kids' on antismoking socialization and smoking-related cognitions and the moderating role of parental smoking. Participants and Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial was carried out using one intervention condition compared with a control condition. A total of 1,398 never-smoking children (mean age 10.11 years, SD 0.78) participated. Intention-to-treat and completers-only analyses were performed. Participants in the intervention condition (n = 728) received 5 activity modules by mail at 4-week intervals. Modules included communication sheets for their mothers. Participants in the control condition (n = 750) received a fact-based intervention only. The main outcomes were the frequency and quality of communication, nonsmoking agreement, house rules, availability of cigarettes, perceived maternal influence, anticipated maternal reactions, attitude, self-efficacy and social norms. Results: Significant effects of the program were found for frequency of communication (B = 0.11, p <0.001), nonsmoking agreement (B = 0.07, p <0.01), perceived maternal influences (B = 0.09, p <0.05), self-efficacy (B = -0.09, p <0.05) and social norms of friends (B = -0.08, p = 0.05) and best friends (B = -0.11, p <0.05). Parental smoking had no moderating effect. Conclusions: The Smoke-free Kids program shows promising short-term effects on antismoking socialization and cognitions. Long-term follow-up on the effects of smoking behavior are needed.
AB - Objective: This study aims to evaluate the short-term effects of a home-based smoking prevention program called 'Smoke-free Kids' on antismoking socialization and smoking-related cognitions and the moderating role of parental smoking. Participants and Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial was carried out using one intervention condition compared with a control condition. A total of 1,398 never-smoking children (mean age 10.11 years, SD 0.78) participated. Intention-to-treat and completers-only analyses were performed. Participants in the intervention condition (n = 728) received 5 activity modules by mail at 4-week intervals. Modules included communication sheets for their mothers. Participants in the control condition (n = 750) received a fact-based intervention only. The main outcomes were the frequency and quality of communication, nonsmoking agreement, house rules, availability of cigarettes, perceived maternal influence, anticipated maternal reactions, attitude, self-efficacy and social norms. Results: Significant effects of the program were found for frequency of communication (B = 0.11, p <0.001), nonsmoking agreement (B = 0.07, p <0.01), perceived maternal influences (B = 0.09, p <0.05), self-efficacy (B = -0.09, p <0.05) and social norms of friends (B = -0.08, p = 0.05) and best friends (B = -0.11, p <0.05). Parental smoking had no moderating effect. Conclusions: The Smoke-free Kids program shows promising short-term effects on antismoking socialization and cognitions. Long-term follow-up on the effects of smoking behavior are needed.
KW - Cluster randomized controlled trial
KW - Prevention
KW - Smoking-related cognitions
KW - Antismoking socialization
KW - Children
KW - Home-based prevention program
U2 - 10.1159/000341995
DO - 10.1159/000341995
M3 - Article
C2 - 23183781
SN - 1022-6877
VL - 19
SP - 128
EP - 140
JO - European Addiction Research
JF - European Addiction Research
IS - 3
ER -