Abstract
Objective: To examine factors increasing the risk for onset and persistence of subthreshold mania and depression. Method: In a prospective cohort community study, the association between risk factors [a family history of mood disorders, trauma, substance use, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and temperamental/personality traits] and onset of manic/depressive symptoms was determined in 705 adolescents. The interaction between baseline risk factors and baseline symptoms in predicting 8-year follow-up symptoms was used to model the impact of risk factors on persistence. Results: Onset of manic symptoms was associated with cannabis use and novelty seeking (NS), but NS predicted a transitory course. Onset of depressive symptoms was associated with a family history of depression. ADHD and harm avoidance (HA) were associated with persistence of depressive symptoms, while trauma and a family history of depression predicted a transitory course. Conclusion: Different risk factors may operate during onset and persistence of subthreshold mania and depression. The differential associations found for mania and depression dimensions suggest partly different underlying mechanisms.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 255-266 |
Journal | Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica |
Volume | 122 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Sept 2010 |
Keywords
- adolescent
- bipolar disorder
- cohort studies
- early diagnosis
- risk factors