Reducing disability in community-dwelling frail older people: cost-effectiveness study alongside a cluster randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND: although proactive primary care, including early detection and treatment of community-dwelling frail older people, is a part of the national healthcare policy in several countries, little is known about its cost-effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a proactive primary care approach in community-dwelling frail older people. DESIGN AND SETTING: embedded in a cluster randomised trial among 12 Dutch general practitioner practices, an economic evaluation was performed from a societal perspective with a time horizon of 24 months. METHOD: frail older people in the intervention group received an in-home assessment and interdisciplinary care based on a tailor-made treatment plan and regular evaluation and follow-up. Practices in the control group delivered usual care. The primary outcome for the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis was disability and health-related quality of life, respectively. RESULTS: multilevel analyses among 346 frail older people showed no significant differences between the groups regarding disability and health-related quality of life at 24 months. People in the intervention group used, as expected, more primary care services, but there was no decline in more expensive hospital and long-term care. Total costs over 24 months tended to be higher in the intervention group than in the control group (euro26,503 versus euro20,550, P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: the intervention under study led to an increase in healthcare utilisation and related costs without providing any beneficial effects. This study adds to the scarce amount of evidence of the cost-effectiveness of proactive primary care in community-dwelling frail older people. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN 31954692.