Protein Supplementation Augments Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy but Does Not Modulate Satellite Cell Content During Prolonged Resistance-Type Exercise Training in Frail Elderly

Marlou L. Dirks; Michael Tieland; Lex B. Verdijk; Mario Losen; Rachel Nilwik; Marco Mensink; Lisette C. P. G. M. de Groot; Luc J. C. van Loon

doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2017.02.006

Protein Supplementation Augments Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy but Does Not Modulate Satellite Cell Content During Prolonged Resistance-Type Exercise Training in Frail Elderly

Marlou L. Dirks, Michael Tieland, Lex B. Verdijk, Mario Losen, Rachel Nilwik, Marco Mensink, Lisette C. P. G. M. de Groot, Luc J. C. van Loon^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

Abstract

Objective: Protein supplementation increases gains in lean body mass following prolonged resistance-type exercise training in frail older adults. We assessed whether the greater increase in lean body mass can be attributed to muscle fiber type specific hypertrophy with concomitant changes in satellite cell (SC) content.

Design: A total of 34 frail elderly individuals (77 +/- 1 years, n = 12 male adults) participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 2 arms in parallel.

Intervention: Participants performed 24 weeks of progressive resistance-type exercise training (2 sessions per week) during which they were supplemented twice-daily with milk protein (2 +/- 15 g) or a placebo.

Methods: Muscle biopsies were taken at baseline, and after 12 and 24 weeks of intervention, to determine type I and type II muscle fiber specific cross-sectional area (CSA), SC content, and myocellular characteristics.

Results: In the placebo group, a trend for a 20% +/- 11% increase in muscle fiber CSA was observed in type II fibers only (P = .051), with no increase in type I muscle fiber CSA. In the protein group, type I and II muscle fiber CSA increased by 23% +/- 7% and 34% +/- 10% following 6 months of training, respectively (P <. 01). Myonuclear domain size increased over time in both groups and fiber types (P <. 001), with no significant differences between groups (P > .05). No changes in myonuclear content and SC contents were observed over time in either group (both P > .05). Regression analysis showed that changes in myonuclear content and domain size are predictive of muscle fiber hypertrophy.

Conclusions: Protein supplementation augments muscle fiber hypertrophy following prolonged resistance-type exercise training in frail older people, without changes in myonuclear and SC content. (C) 2017 AMDA - The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	608-615
Number of pages	8
Journal	Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
Volume	18
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2017.02.006
Publication status	Published - 1 Jul 2017

Keywords

Sarcopenia
skeletal muscle
resistance exercise
amino acids
SKELETAL-MUSCLE
MYOFIBER HYPERTROPHY
MYONUCLEAR ADDITION
OLDER-ADULTS
MEN
STRENGTH
SIZE
SARCOPENIA
MASS
WOMEN

Access to Document

10.1016/j.jamda.2017.02.006

Cite this

Dirks, M. L., Tieland, M., Verdijk, L. B., Losen, M., Nilwik, R., Mensink, M., de Groot, L. C. P. G. M., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2017). Protein Supplementation Augments Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy but Does Not Modulate Satellite Cell Content During Prolonged Resistance-Type Exercise Training in Frail Elderly. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 18(7), 608-615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2017.02.006

@article{18a78430996249d6a4287a836fbdafcb,

title = "Protein Supplementation Augments Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy but Does Not Modulate Satellite Cell Content During Prolonged Resistance-Type Exercise Training in Frail Elderly",

abstract = "Objective: Protein supplementation increases gains in lean body mass following prolonged resistance-type exercise training in frail older adults. We assessed whether the greater increase in lean body mass can be attributed to muscle fiber type specific hypertrophy with concomitant changes in satellite cell (SC) content.Design: A total of 34 frail elderly individuals (77 +/- 1 years, n = 12 male adults) participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 2 arms in parallel.Intervention: Participants performed 24 weeks of progressive resistance-type exercise training (2 sessions per week) during which they were supplemented twice-daily with milk protein (2 +/- 15 g) or a placebo.Methods: Muscle biopsies were taken at baseline, and after 12 and 24 weeks of intervention, to determine type I and type II muscle fiber specific cross-sectional area (CSA), SC content, and myocellular characteristics.Results: In the placebo group, a trend for a 20% +/- 11% increase in muscle fiber CSA was observed in type II fibers only (P = .051), with no increase in type I muscle fiber CSA. In the protein group, type I and II muscle fiber CSA increased by 23% +/- 7% and 34% +/- 10% following 6 months of training, respectively (P <. 01). Myonuclear domain size increased over time in both groups and fiber types (P <. 001), with no significant differences between groups (P > .05). No changes in myonuclear content and SC contents were observed over time in either group (both P > .05). Regression analysis showed that changes in myonuclear content and domain size are predictive of muscle fiber hypertrophy.Conclusions: Protein supplementation augments muscle fiber hypertrophy following prolonged resistance-type exercise training in frail older people, without changes in myonuclear and SC content. (C) 2017 AMDA - The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine.",

keywords = "Sarcopenia, skeletal muscle, resistance exercise, amino acids, SKELETAL-MUSCLE, MYOFIBER HYPERTROPHY, MYONUCLEAR ADDITION, OLDER-ADULTS, MEN, STRENGTH, SIZE, SARCOPENIA, MASS, WOMEN",

author = "Dirks, {Marlou L.} and Michael Tieland and Verdijk, {Lex B.} and Mario Losen and Rachel Nilwik and Marco Mensink and {de Groot}, {Lisette C. P. G. M.} and {van Loon}, {Luc J. C.}",

year = "2017",

month = jul,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.jamda.2017.02.006",

language = "English",

volume = "18",

pages = "608--615",

journal = "Journal of the American Medical Directors Association",

issn = "1525-8610",

publisher = "Elsevier Science",

number = "7",

}

Dirks, ML, Tieland, M, Verdijk, LB , Losen, M, Nilwik, R, Mensink, M, de Groot, LCPGM & van Loon, LJC 2017, 'Protein Supplementation Augments Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy but Does Not Modulate Satellite Cell Content During Prolonged Resistance-Type Exercise Training in Frail Elderly', Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 608-615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2017.02.006

Protein Supplementation Augments Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy but Does Not Modulate Satellite Cell Content During Prolonged Resistance-Type Exercise Training in Frail Elderly. / Dirks, Marlou L.; Tieland, Michael; Verdijk, Lex B. et al.
In: Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, Vol. 18, No. 7, 01.07.2017, p. 608-615.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Protein Supplementation Augments Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy but Does Not Modulate Satellite Cell Content During Prolonged Resistance-Type Exercise Training in Frail Elderly

AU - Dirks, Marlou L.

AU - Tieland, Michael

AU - Verdijk, Lex B.

AU - Losen, Mario

AU - Nilwik, Rachel

AU - Mensink, Marco

AU - de Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M.

AU - van Loon, Luc J. C.

PY - 2017/7/1

Y1 - 2017/7/1

N2 - Objective: Protein supplementation increases gains in lean body mass following prolonged resistance-type exercise training in frail older adults. We assessed whether the greater increase in lean body mass can be attributed to muscle fiber type specific hypertrophy with concomitant changes in satellite cell (SC) content.Design: A total of 34 frail elderly individuals (77 +/- 1 years, n = 12 male adults) participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 2 arms in parallel.Intervention: Participants performed 24 weeks of progressive resistance-type exercise training (2 sessions per week) during which they were supplemented twice-daily with milk protein (2 +/- 15 g) or a placebo.Methods: Muscle biopsies were taken at baseline, and after 12 and 24 weeks of intervention, to determine type I and type II muscle fiber specific cross-sectional area (CSA), SC content, and myocellular characteristics.Results: In the placebo group, a trend for a 20% +/- 11% increase in muscle fiber CSA was observed in type II fibers only (P = .051), with no increase in type I muscle fiber CSA. In the protein group, type I and II muscle fiber CSA increased by 23% +/- 7% and 34% +/- 10% following 6 months of training, respectively (P <. 01). Myonuclear domain size increased over time in both groups and fiber types (P <. 001), with no significant differences between groups (P > .05). No changes in myonuclear content and SC contents were observed over time in either group (both P > .05). Regression analysis showed that changes in myonuclear content and domain size are predictive of muscle fiber hypertrophy.Conclusions: Protein supplementation augments muscle fiber hypertrophy following prolonged resistance-type exercise training in frail older people, without changes in myonuclear and SC content. (C) 2017 AMDA - The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine.

AB - Objective: Protein supplementation increases gains in lean body mass following prolonged resistance-type exercise training in frail older adults. We assessed whether the greater increase in lean body mass can be attributed to muscle fiber type specific hypertrophy with concomitant changes in satellite cell (SC) content.Design: A total of 34 frail elderly individuals (77 +/- 1 years, n = 12 male adults) participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 2 arms in parallel.Intervention: Participants performed 24 weeks of progressive resistance-type exercise training (2 sessions per week) during which they were supplemented twice-daily with milk protein (2 +/- 15 g) or a placebo.Methods: Muscle biopsies were taken at baseline, and after 12 and 24 weeks of intervention, to determine type I and type II muscle fiber specific cross-sectional area (CSA), SC content, and myocellular characteristics.Results: In the placebo group, a trend for a 20% +/- 11% increase in muscle fiber CSA was observed in type II fibers only (P = .051), with no increase in type I muscle fiber CSA. In the protein group, type I and II muscle fiber CSA increased by 23% +/- 7% and 34% +/- 10% following 6 months of training, respectively (P <. 01). Myonuclear domain size increased over time in both groups and fiber types (P <. 001), with no significant differences between groups (P > .05). No changes in myonuclear content and SC contents were observed over time in either group (both P > .05). Regression analysis showed that changes in myonuclear content and domain size are predictive of muscle fiber hypertrophy.Conclusions: Protein supplementation augments muscle fiber hypertrophy following prolonged resistance-type exercise training in frail older people, without changes in myonuclear and SC content. (C) 2017 AMDA - The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine.

KW - Sarcopenia

KW - skeletal muscle

KW - resistance exercise

KW - amino acids

KW - SKELETAL-MUSCLE

KW - MYOFIBER HYPERTROPHY

KW - MYONUCLEAR ADDITION

KW - OLDER-ADULTS

KW - MEN

KW - STRENGTH

KW - SIZE

KW - SARCOPENIA

KW - MASS

KW - WOMEN

U2 - 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.02.006

DO - 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.02.006

M3 - Article

C2 - 28377156

SN - 1525-8610

VL - 18

SP - 608

EP - 615

JO - Journal of the American Medical Directors Association

JF - Journal of the American Medical Directors Association

IS - 7

ER -