Neurostimulation and Neuromodulation for the Treatment for the Underactive Bladder

Several electrical stimulation techniques are available for the treatment of the underactive bladder (uab). The techniques available are applicable for different neurogenic situations such as the anterior sacral root stimulation after selective posterior sacral rhizotomy (the brindley technique) in patients with a complete spinal cord injury and preserved contractility of the detrusor. Sacral neuromodulation is clinically available and fda approved for patients with underactive bladder. Transurethral electrotherapy is attractive minimally invasive option, but further clinical studies are required to establish efficacy. In this chapter we discuss various treatment techniques, indications and their outcomes in the context of detrusor underactivity/uab.keywordselectrical stimulationneuomodulationdetrusor underactivityunderactive bladder.