Mechanisms of change in psychotherapy for depression: An empirical update and evaluation of research aimed at identifying psychological mediators

Lotte H J M Lemmens*, Viola N L S Müller, Arnoud Arntz, Marcus J H Huibers

*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

We present a systematic empirical update and critical evaluation of the current status of research aimed at identifying a variety of psychological mediators in various forms of psychotherapy for depression. We summarize study characteristics and results of 35 relevant studies, and discuss the extent to which these studies meet several important requirements for mechanism research. Our review indicates that in spite of increased attention for the topic, advances in theoretical consensus about necessities for mechanism research, and sophistication of study designs, research in this field is still heterogeneous and unsatisfactory in methodological respect. Probably the biggest challenge in the field is demonstrating the causal relation between change in the mediator and change in depressive symptoms. The field would benefit from a further refinement of research methods to identify processes of therapeutic change. Recommendations for future research are discussed. However, even in the most optimal research designs, explaining psychotherapeutic change remains a challenge. Psychotherapy is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that might work through interplay of multiple mechanisms at several levels. As a result, it might be too complex to be explained in relatively simple causal models of psychological change.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)95-107
Number of pages13
JournalClinical Psychology Review
Volume50
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2016

Keywords

  • Mediators
  • Mechanisms
  • Psychotherapy
  • Depression
  • COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
  • COMMITMENT THERAPY
  • MODERATORS
  • PHARMACOTHERAPY
  • INTERVENTION
  • ACCEPTANCE
  • WORK
  • PERFECTIONISM
  • EXPECTANCIES
  • METAANALYSIS

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