Is the clinical presentation of chronic heart failure different in elderly versus younger patients and those with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction?

Eva Steinmann, Hans-Peter Brunner-La Rocca, Micha T. Maeder, Beat A. Kaufmann, Matthias Pfisterer, Peter Rickenbacher*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

Abstract

Background: Whether the clinical presentation and in particular prevalence of symptoms and signs of heart failure (HF) is different in elderly versus younger patients and in those with reduced (HFrEF) versus preserved (HFpEF) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a matter of ongoing debate. Aims: To compare detailed clinical characteristics of these important subgroups and to develop a prediction rule for the differentiation of HFpEF and HFrEF based on clinical parameters. Methods: The analysis was based on the Trial of Intensified versus standard Medical therapy in Elderly patients with Congestive Heart Failure (TIME-CHF) comprising 622 patients >= 60 years with HF including the whole LVEF spectrum. Results: In the groups >= 75 years and with HFpEF typical symptoms and clinical signs of HF were more prevalent as compared to those < 75 years or with HFrEF, respectively. The burden of comorbidities was higher in the older age group. HFrEF could not be differentiated from HFpEF by symptom history and clinical examination alone. However, a combination of age, presence of pulmonary rales, systolic blood pressure, cause of heart failure, osteoporosis, current smoking, NT-proBNP, haemoglobin, QRS width and heart rhythm allowed to identify HFrEF versus HFpEF with a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 90% (c-statistics 0.91). Conclusions: More symptoms and signs of HF were present both in the older age group and in patients with HFpEF. HFpEF versus HFrEF could be differentiated by a set of simple clinical, laboratory and ECG parameters but not by symptom history and physical examination alone.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)61-69
Number of pages9
JournalEuropean journal of internal medicine
Volume57
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Nov 2018

Keywords

  • Heart failure
  • Clinical diagnosis
  • Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
  • Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
  • STANDARD MEDICAL THERAPY
  • SYSTOLIC FUNCTION
  • PHYSICAL-EXAMINATION
  • OUTCOMES
  • MANAGEMENT
  • DIAGNOSIS
  • FEATURES
  • TRIAL
  • MORTALITY
  • METAANALYSIS

Cite this