TY - JOUR
T1 - Involvement of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase in TNF-alpha-Driven Remodeling
AU - Eurlings, Irene M. J.
AU - Reynaert, Niki L.
AU - van de Wetering, Cheryl
AU - Aesif, Scott W.
AU - Mercken, Evi M.
AU - de Cabo, Rafael
AU - van der Velden, Jos L.
AU - Janssen-Heininger, Yvonne M.
AU - Wouters, Emiel F. M.
AU - Dentener, Mieke A.
PY - 2017/3
Y1 - 2017/3
N2 - Lung tissue remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airway wall thickening and/or emphysema. Although the bronchial and alveolar compartments are functionally independent entities, we recently showed comparable alterations in matrix composition comprised of decreased elastin content and increased collagen and hyaluronan contents of alveolar and small airway walls. Out of several animal models tested, surfactant protein C (SPC)-TNF-alpha mice showed remodeling in alveolar and airway walls similar to what we observed in patients with COPD. Epithelial cells are able to undergo a phenotypic shift, gaining mesenchymal properties, a process in which c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling is involved. Therefore, we hypothesized that TNF-alpha induces JNK-dependent epithelial plasticity, which contributes to lung matrix remodeling. To this end, the ability of TNF-alpha to induce a phenotypic shift was assessed in A549, BEAS2B, and primary bronchial epithelial cells, and phenotypic markers were studied in SPC-TNF-alpha mice. Phenotypic markers of mesenchymal cells were elevated both in vitro and in vivo, as shown by the expression of vimentin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, collagen, and matrix metalloproteinases. Concurrently, the expression of the epithelial markers, E-cadherin and keratin 7 and 18, was attenuated. A pharmacological inhibitor of JNK attenuated this phenotypic shift in vitro, demonstrating involvement of JNK signaling in this process. Interestingly, activation of JNK signaling was also clearly present in lungs of SPC-TNF-alpha mice and patients with COPD. Together, these data show a role for TNF-alpha in the induction of a phenotypic shift in vitro, resulting in increased collagen production and the expression of elastin-degrading matrix metalloproteinases, and provide evidence for involvement of the TNF-alpha-JNK axis in extracellular matrix remodeling.
AB - Lung tissue remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airway wall thickening and/or emphysema. Although the bronchial and alveolar compartments are functionally independent entities, we recently showed comparable alterations in matrix composition comprised of decreased elastin content and increased collagen and hyaluronan contents of alveolar and small airway walls. Out of several animal models tested, surfactant protein C (SPC)-TNF-alpha mice showed remodeling in alveolar and airway walls similar to what we observed in patients with COPD. Epithelial cells are able to undergo a phenotypic shift, gaining mesenchymal properties, a process in which c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling is involved. Therefore, we hypothesized that TNF-alpha induces JNK-dependent epithelial plasticity, which contributes to lung matrix remodeling. To this end, the ability of TNF-alpha to induce a phenotypic shift was assessed in A549, BEAS2B, and primary bronchial epithelial cells, and phenotypic markers were studied in SPC-TNF-alpha mice. Phenotypic markers of mesenchymal cells were elevated both in vitro and in vivo, as shown by the expression of vimentin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, collagen, and matrix metalloproteinases. Concurrently, the expression of the epithelial markers, E-cadherin and keratin 7 and 18, was attenuated. A pharmacological inhibitor of JNK attenuated this phenotypic shift in vitro, demonstrating involvement of JNK signaling in this process. Interestingly, activation of JNK signaling was also clearly present in lungs of SPC-TNF-alpha mice and patients with COPD. Together, these data show a role for TNF-alpha in the induction of a phenotypic shift in vitro, resulting in increased collagen production and the expression of elastin-degrading matrix metalloproteinases, and provide evidence for involvement of the TNF-alpha-JNK axis in extracellular matrix remodeling.
KW - c-Jun N-terminal kinase
KW - TNF-alpha
KW - matrix remodeling
KW - lung
KW - EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION
KW - TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR
KW - OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE
KW - UP-REGULATION
KW - KAPPA-B
KW - CELLS
KW - ALVEOLAR
KW - INFLAMMATION
KW - EXPRESSION
KW - TGF-BETA-1
U2 - 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0195OC
DO - 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0195OC
M3 - Article
C2 - 27875656
SN - 1044-1549
VL - 56
SP - 393
EP - 401
JO - American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
JF - American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
IS - 3
ER -