Immune Modulation by Transplanted Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials and Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Bone Regeneration

Paul Humbert, Meadhbh A. Brennan, Noel Davison, Philippe Rosset, Valerie Trichet, Frederic Blanchard*, Pierre Layrolle

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal(Systematic) Review article peer-review

Abstract

A wide variety of biomaterials have been developed as both stabilizing structures for the injured bone and inducers of bone neoformation. They differ in chemical composition, shape, porosity, and mechanical properties. The most extensively employed and studied subset of bioceramics are calcium phosphate materials (CaPs). These materials, when transplanted alongside mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), lead to ectopic (intramuscular and subcutaneous) and orthotopic bone formation in preclinical studies, and effective fracture healing in clinical trials. Human MSC transplantation in pre-clinical and clinical trials reveals very low engraftment in spite of successful clinical outcomes and their therapeutic actions are thought to be primarily through paracrine mechanisms. The beneficial role of transplanted MSC could rely on their strong immunomodulatory effect since, even without long-term engraftment, they have the ability to alter both the innate and adaptive immune response which is critical to facilitate new bone formation. This study presents the current knowledge of the immune response to the implantation of CaP biomaterials alone or in combination with MSC. In particular the central role of monocyte-derived cells, both macrophages and osteoclasts, in MSC-CaP mediated bone formation is emphasized. Biomaterial properties, such as macroporosity and surface microstructure, dictate the host response, and the ultimate bone healing cascade. Understanding intercellular communications throughout the inflammation, its resolution and the bone regeneration phase, is crucial to improve the current therapeutic strategies or develop new approaches.

Original languageEnglish
Article number663
Pages (from-to)1-15
Number of pages15
JournalFrontiers in Immunology
Volume10
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2 Apr 2019

Keywords

  • osteoimmunology
  • mesenchymal stromal cell
  • calcium phosphate biomaterial
  • bone regeneration
  • osteoclast
  • immune modulation
  • BODY GIANT-CELLS
  • STEM-CELLS
  • OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
  • DENDRITIC CELLS
  • MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION
  • ADIPOSE-TISSUE
  • T-LYMPHOCYTES
  • ONCOSTATIN M
  • GROWTH
  • OSTEOCLASTS

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