TY - JOUR
T1 - Functional electrical stimulation of the ankle dorsiflexors during walking in spastic cerebral palsy
T2 - a systematic review
AU - Moll, Irene
AU - Vles, Johannes S. H.
AU - Soudant, Dan L. H. M.
AU - Witlox, Adhiambo M. A.
AU - Staal, Heleen M.
AU - Speth, Lucianne A. W. M.
AU - Janssen-Potten, Yvonne J. M.
AU - Coenen, Marcel
AU - Koudijs, Suzanne M.
AU - Vermeulen, R. Jeroen
PY - 2017/12
Y1 - 2017/12
N2 - AIM To assess the effect of functional electrical stimulation (FES) of ankle dorsiflexors in children and adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) during walking.METHOD A systematic review was performed using the American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine methodology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Six databases were searched for studies applying interventions to patients aged younger than 20 years. Outcomes were classified according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).RESULTS Seven hundred and eighty abstracts were found, 35 articles were fully screened, and 14 articles were used for analysis. Only five articles (three studies) were of level I to III evidence. At ICF participation and activity level, there is limited evidence for a decrease in self- reported frequency of toe- drag and falls. At ICF body structure and function level, there is clear evidence (I- III) that FES increased (active) ankle dorsiflexion angle, strength, and improved selective motor control, balance, and gait kinematics, but decreased walking speed. Adverse events include skin irritation, toleration, and acceptation issues.INTERPRETATION There are insufficient data supporting functional gain by FES on activity and participation level. However, evidence points towards a role for FES as an alternative to orthoses in children with spastic CP.
AB - AIM To assess the effect of functional electrical stimulation (FES) of ankle dorsiflexors in children and adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) during walking.METHOD A systematic review was performed using the American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine methodology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Six databases were searched for studies applying interventions to patients aged younger than 20 years. Outcomes were classified according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).RESULTS Seven hundred and eighty abstracts were found, 35 articles were fully screened, and 14 articles were used for analysis. Only five articles (three studies) were of level I to III evidence. At ICF participation and activity level, there is limited evidence for a decrease in self- reported frequency of toe- drag and falls. At ICF body structure and function level, there is clear evidence (I- III) that FES increased (active) ankle dorsiflexion angle, strength, and improved selective motor control, balance, and gait kinematics, but decreased walking speed. Adverse events include skin irritation, toleration, and acceptation issues.INTERPRETATION There are insufficient data supporting functional gain by FES on activity and participation level. However, evidence points towards a role for FES as an alternative to orthoses in children with spastic CP.
KW - BOTULINUM-TOXIN
KW - FOOT DROP
KW - TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
KW - CHILDREN
KW - GAIT
KW - MUSCLE
KW - TRIAL
KW - CLASSIFICATION
KW - METAANALYSIS
KW - RELIABILITY
U2 - 10.1111/dmcn.13501
DO - 10.1111/dmcn.13501
M3 - (Systematic) Review article
SN - 0012-1622
VL - 59
SP - 1230
EP - 1236
JO - Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
JF - Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
IS - 12
ER -