TY - JOUR
T1 - Endothelial Activation in Lacunar Stroke Subtypes
AU - Knottnerus, Iris L. H.
AU - Govers-Riemslag, Jose W. P.
AU - Hamulyak, Karly
AU - Rouhl, Rob P. W.
AU - Staals, Julie
AU - Spronk, Henri M. H.
AU - van Oerle, Rene
AU - van Raak, Elisabeth P. M.
AU - Lodder, Jan
AU - ten Cate, Hugo
AU - van Oostenbrugge, Robert J.
PY - 2010/8
Y1 - 2010/8
N2 - Background and Purpose-Lacunar stroke (LS) can be subtyped according to the absence (isolated lacunar infarct [ILA]) or presence of concomitant white matter lesions (WML) and/or asymptomatic lacunar infarcts. Endothelial activation is thought to play a pivotal role in the subtype with WML and/or asymptomatic lacunar infarcts. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether endothelial activation is associated with WML and/ or asymptomatic lacunar infarcts in LS patients. Here, we determined levels of circulating blood markers of endothelial function in LS patients. Methods-In 149 patients, all of whom had brain-MRI, levels of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), tPA-PAI-1 complex, von Willebrand factor, tissue factor, thrombomodulin, and coagulation factor VIII were determined. Levels of blood markers were related to subtypes of LS and adjusted for age, gender, and vascular risk factors. Results-In subtypes of LS, tPA activity was increased in patients with WML (0.79 IU/mL vs 0.44 IU/mL for ILA; P=0.02) and PAI-1-antigen levels were lowest in patients with WML (27.5 ng/mL vs 44.0 ng/mL for ILA; P=0.02). The association between WML and PAI-1 remained significant after multivariable analysis (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-1.00 per ng/mL change of PAI-1; P=0.04). Conclusions-We found further evidence for the hypothesis of endothelial activation in the subtype of LS caused by a diffuse small vessel vasculopathy, as we found higher levels of tPA in patients with concomitant extensive WML than in those with ILA. Second, low levels of PAI-1 were associated with WML. We postulate that differences in activity of components of the fibrinolytic system might contribute to WML development. (Stroke. 2010;41:1617-1622.)
AB - Background and Purpose-Lacunar stroke (LS) can be subtyped according to the absence (isolated lacunar infarct [ILA]) or presence of concomitant white matter lesions (WML) and/or asymptomatic lacunar infarcts. Endothelial activation is thought to play a pivotal role in the subtype with WML and/or asymptomatic lacunar infarcts. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether endothelial activation is associated with WML and/ or asymptomatic lacunar infarcts in LS patients. Here, we determined levels of circulating blood markers of endothelial function in LS patients. Methods-In 149 patients, all of whom had brain-MRI, levels of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), tPA-PAI-1 complex, von Willebrand factor, tissue factor, thrombomodulin, and coagulation factor VIII were determined. Levels of blood markers were related to subtypes of LS and adjusted for age, gender, and vascular risk factors. Results-In subtypes of LS, tPA activity was increased in patients with WML (0.79 IU/mL vs 0.44 IU/mL for ILA; P=0.02) and PAI-1-antigen levels were lowest in patients with WML (27.5 ng/mL vs 44.0 ng/mL for ILA; P=0.02). The association between WML and PAI-1 remained significant after multivariable analysis (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-1.00 per ng/mL change of PAI-1; P=0.04). Conclusions-We found further evidence for the hypothesis of endothelial activation in the subtype of LS caused by a diffuse small vessel vasculopathy, as we found higher levels of tPA in patients with concomitant extensive WML than in those with ILA. Second, low levels of PAI-1 were associated with WML. We postulate that differences in activity of components of the fibrinolytic system might contribute to WML development. (Stroke. 2010;41:1617-1622.)
KW - endothelial dysfunction
KW - endothelium
KW - lacunar stroke
U2 - 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.576223
DO - 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.576223
M3 - Article
C2 - 20595673
SN - 0039-2499
VL - 41
SP - 1617
EP - 1622
JO - Stroke
JF - Stroke
IS - 8
ER -