Deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus for drug-resistant epilepsy

Tim A. M. Bouwens van der Vlis*, Olaf E. M. G. Schijns, Frederic L. W. V. J. Schaper, Govert Hoogland, Pieter Kubben, Louis Wagner, Rob Rouhl, Yasin Temel, Linda Ackermans

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal(Systematic) Review article peer-review

Abstract

Despite the use of first-choice anti-epileptic drugs and satisfactory seizure outcome rates after resective epilepsy surgery, a considerable percentage of patients do not become seizure free. ANT-DBS may provide for an alternative treatment option in these patients. This literature review discusses the rationale, mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ANT-DBS in drug-resistant epilepsy patients. A review using systematic methods of the available literature was performed using relevant databases including Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library pertaining to the different aspects ANT-DBS. ANT-DBS for drug-resistant epilepsy is a safe, effective and well-tolerated therapy, where a special emphasis must be given to monitoring and neuropsychological assessment of both depression and memory function. Three patterns of seizure control by ANT-DBS are recognized, of which a delayed stimulation effect may account for an improved long-term response rate. ANT-DBS remotely modulates neuronal network excitability through overriding pathological electrical activity, decrease neuronal cell loss, through immune response inhibition or modulation of neuronal energy metabolism. ANT-DBS is an efficacious treatment modality, even when curative procedures or lesser invasive neuromodulative techniques failed. When compared to VNS, ANT-DBS shows slightly superior treatment response, which urges for direct comparative trials. Based on the available evidence ANT-DBS and VNS therapies are currently both superior compared to non-invasive neuromodulation techniques such as t-VNS and rTMS. Additional in-vivo research is necessary in order to gain more insight into the mechanism of action of ANT-DBS in localization-related epilepsy which will allow for treatment optimization. Randomized clinical studies in search of the optimal target in well-defined epilepsy patient populations, will ultimately allow for optimal patient stratification when applying DBS for drug-resistant patients with epilepsy.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)287-296
Number of pages10
JournalNeurosurgical Review
Volume42
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jun 2019

Keywords

  • Deep brain stimulation
  • Epilepsy
  • Anterior nucleus of the thalamus
  • Mechanisms
  • Efficacy
  • Complications
  • VAGUS NERVE-STIMULATION
  • TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY
  • ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION
  • REFRACTORY EPILEPSY
  • DOUBLE-BLIND
  • CEREBELLAR STIMULATION
  • NEURONAL APOPTOSIS
  • CONTROLLED-TRIAL
  • SEIZURE CONTROL
  • ACTIVATION

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